MUHAMMAD (pbuh) After the Hijrah

1. MUHAMMAD (pbuh)After the Hijrah A.S. Hashim

2. Having arrived • Escaping the hostile Mecca, Muhammad went through: • Precarious events, was almost caught • Exhausting Travel • Over a period of two weeks travel • Was welcomed in the outskirts of Medina • Waited for two weeks for Ali to arrive

3. Waiting for Ali • Ali Arrives: Having walked to Medina on foot • Prophet's Family: With Ali • Jumu'ah Salat: First time in Freedom • The Welcoming Crowd: • Muslims • Jews • Disbelievers

4. Total Muslims so far • Total Meccans who Had accepted Islam: 400-450 • Over a period of 13 Yrs: • Of Arduous work and • Despite extreme harassments • Muslims leave behind family and business in Mecca • Muslims emigrate to Medina • Many Families have divided loyalties

5. The welcoming crowd • The Muslims of Medina: Who had recently embraced Islam • The Disbelievers still abounding in Medina • The Jews consisting of: • Three major tribes • Jewish community at large • The Songs of Welcome: Celebration

6. Building Qubaa mosque • They lay foundation for Qubaa Mosque • Qubaa is a few miles from Medina • Mosque completed some time later • Salim ibn Hudhayfah Yamani in charge of prayers over there

7. Qubaa mosque Nowadays

8. Effecting status of brotherhood • Ansaar and Muhajiroon: One on One Basis • Muhammad takes Ali as a Brother • Advantages of effecting Brotherhood: • Stability • Financial • Learning

9. Building the Prophet’s Mosque • Land Bought from Orphans • The Prophet himself Participates in Building • Mosque Structure: • 100X100 Yards: Dirt Floor • Trunk of Palm Trees as Columns • Palm leaves for Roof • Functionality: Extremely Functional

10. Replica of the Prophet’s Mosque, at the time of the Prophet

11. Prophet’s Mosque Nowadays

12. Community stability • Effecting Brotherhood • Mutual Defense with Major Jewish Tribes: • Benu Qainuqaa • Benu Nadheer • Benu Quraidha

14. Jews of Medina

15. There were three Jewish tribes in Medina, affluent, controlling the area financially, and looked upon as powerful and a local might. The Tribes were: Benu Qainuqaa', Benu Nadheer, and Benu Quraidha. They lived off the local warring Arabic tribes by lending at high interest rate, inciting or subtly encouraging discord. At first the Jewish tribes looked upon the Muslims favorably and signed treaties of mutual defense with them.  Soon after, however, they changed their ways and became adversaries to Muhammad (pbuh) and the Muslims. Treaty between Muhammad and Jewish tribes

16. Formidable Decisions

17. Budding Islamic government • Surah Al-Baqarah was revealed • Establishment of State Affairs • Fasting, Zakat, and Haj • Community affairs • R elation with the local Jews • Self Defense: Permission to defend with arms

18. Challenge to Quraish • Deploying Scout Missions • Threatening Quraish’s route of Commerce • reminder to Quraish of Muslim Presence • Attempt to intervene Abu Sufyan's Caravan of Quraish

19. The disbelievers of Mecca (Quraish) and others. The Jewish tribes in Medina and their scheming. The disbelievers of Medina and surrounding area. Directing a fast budding Muslim Ummah:  Administration, decisions, formatting, and shaping it according to the Islamic Shari'ah The perils facing Muhammad (pbuh) were phenomenal in many ways.  Only a person of superhuman power and capability can stand this pressure —and Muhammad (pbuh) did it brilliantly.  Problems facing Muhammad at this period

20. Badr encounter • 1,000 Meccan Disbelievers Attacking with: • Superior arms • Superior numbers • 313 Defending Muslims with: • Superior Faith • Superior Prowess • Confrontation was During Ramadhan • Disbelievers Soundly Defeated

22. Muslims fought on foot Had only two horses Highly enthusiastic Promised Heaven if killed Outnumbered 3 to 1, Muslims victorious Pagans had many horses Face an onslaught from the Muslims Lose a large number of their leaders Dealt an astounding defeat Badr encounterبَدْر

23. Location of Badr

24. The Site of Badr بَدْر Muslim Camp Angel’s site Enemy’s Passage

25. Place of Badr Battle

26. Prisoners taken during Badr • 70 Meccans were Taken as Prisoners • To Pay Compensation to be released (those who can afford it) • The Literate Meccan Prisoners can: • Pay Compensation or • Each to Teach 10 Muslims to Read and Write

27. Happenings after Badr • After Badr: • Benu Qainuqaa Break Treaty • Benu Qainuqaa Banished • Al-Hasan is Born • Muslims ecstatic, with Self Confidence • Islamic Government Progresses

28. Ohod encounter أُحُد • Takes Place one year after Badr • Meccan Disbelievers: 3,000 Fighters • Muslims: 700 Fighters • 300 Hypocrites with the Muslims Withdraw • Place 5 Miles from Medina

29. Muslims to Ohod

30. Muhammad Faced the Following: The disbelievers of Mecca (Quraish) and others. The Jewish tribes in Medina and their scheming. The disbelievers of Medina and surrounding area. Disbelievers of Mecca in confrontation to avenge the battle of Badr. Muhammad (pbuh), in order to defend Muslims, agrees to the majority decision of Muslims, though he was of the opinion to fortify Medina to defend it.  Highlights of the battle of Ohod

31. Strategy in Ohod • Muslims to Protect the Mountain Pass • Muslims’ Force on an Elevation • Initially Muslims Almost Win, start to Collect Booty • Ignoring the specific Instructions, Most Guardians of the Pass Abandon it, rushing for the booties • Khalid Ibn al-Walid attacks Muslims from the rear of the Pass

32. Prophet in danger • Attacked by Khalid from the rear and Quraish from the Front, Muslims are in Disarray • Prophet, being in Danger, is Protected by: • Ali • Al-Muqdad and • few Others • Ali Chases Away four groups of raiders • The Prophet (pbuh) gets wounded

33. 50 Muslims to guard the Pass The guards see Muslims winning Guards leave post Khalid’s surprise attacks Hamza Killed Prophet wounded At first Disbelievers retreating, losing Muslims attacked by Khalid from behind Muslims attacked from front Battle draws to a halt 70 Muslims get killed (10%) of the force Ohod II

34. Aftermath of Ohod • Terrifying Experience: Loss of 70 Muslims • Deep Sorrow for Disobeying the Prophet • Disbelievers Emboldened, bragging • Disbelievers around Medina Attack Muslims frequently • Muslims have to Defend themselves often

35. The designated archers at Ohod

36. Disbelievers attack from behind Ohod

37. Ohod and Khalid

38. After Ohod • Al-Husain is Born • Benu Nadheer Break Treaty with Muslims • Benu Nadheer Banished • Benu Nadheer go to Khaybar • Very Shaky Period for Muslims

39. The Ditch Encounter • Fifth year of Hijrah • Concept: Salman Al-Farsi Suggestion Carried out • Ditch Digging Finished in Time (6 days of very arduous work) • Ditch Prevented War and Killing

40. The Ditch Encounter

41. Highlights of the Ditch encounter • Disbelievers of Mecca and nearby areas, with strategic planning by the Jewish Ben Nadheer tribe mass a force of 10,000 to annihilate the Muslims • Al Abbas informs Muhammad (pbuh) they have only 6 days to take action. • Salman the Persian gives a brilliant suggestion—dig a ditch. • The ditch was essential to separate the disbelievers from the Muslim forces. • Amr ibn Abd-Wid, the hero of Quraish, crosses the ditch, challenges the Muslims.  Ali takes the challenge. • Ali brilliantly finishes off Amr—thus dealing the disbelievers a major psychological blow. • Much intrigue behind the Muslims' back:  between the disbelievers and the Jewish Benu Nadheer and Benu Quraidha.  It was undone. • Heavy rains, lightning and thunder scare the disbelievers, they flee.

42. Ditch confrontation • Disbelievers 10,000 strong, as yet the largest force in Arabia • Benu Nadheer (Jewish) organizers and supporters of the enemy • Leadership by Abu Sufyan • Mu’awiya, 28 yr old with his father Abu Sufyan

43. Schematics of the trench The Trench

44. Amr ibn Abd Wid crosses • Ditch between two Mountain elevations • Ditch 15 ft wide and 15 ft deep • Hero of Quraish, Amr Ibn Abd-Wid Crosses the ditch at its narrow point • Amr bragging, challenges Muslims for a duel • Amr’s Challenge Taken by Ali • Ali soundly kills Amr, Disbelievers horrified

45. Ditch encounter II • Amr as the hero: had killed 1000 challengers • Ali, by Killing Amr the Hero of Quraish had: • Disbelievers severely Demoralized • Disbelievers frightened of Muslims • Disbelievers Leave in Disarray, after 3 Weeks of Confrontation • Thus, the Ditch had Prevented an Ugly War

46. Sketch of the Ditch Encounter

47. Battle of Banu Qurayza

48.  Highlights of Hudaibiya • Muhammad with 1500 Muslims go to perform Haj (Without arms). • Khalid ibnil Waleed, dispatched by the Meccans, was to foil the Muslims. • To avoid confrontation, the Prophet takes a detour route and stays at Hudaibiya, not too far from Mecca. • Uthman is sent to Mecca to convince the disbelievers of the Prophet's peaceful intention. • Uthman is delayed, Muslims take an oath to fight to death if Uthman was killed by the disbelievers.  This is called Pledge of Radhwan. • Because of the Pledge of Radhwan, Quraish is scared of its consequences, thus it consents. • Treaty of Hudaibiya is concluded, Ali is the scribe. • Some Muslims wrongly think Hudaibiya is more to the advantage of the disbelievers. • Hudaibiya proves a bonanza to the Muslims.

49. Treaty of Hudaibiya • Ali was the Scribe • Peace between Muslims and Quraish for 10 Years • Muslims were not to accept Disbeliever Converts • Disbelievers were to Accept Muslim Converts • Muslims to have Freehand in Da'wa

50. Treaty of Hudaibiya