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FAA New Technologies Workshop III 9 January 2007 “Making Ground Based Landing Systems a Reality” Keith McPherson Mana

FAA New Technologies Workshop III 9 January 2007 “Making Ground Based Landing Systems a Reality” Keith McPherson Manager GNSS. What are we trying to do?.

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FAA New Technologies Workshop III 9 January 2007 “Making Ground Based Landing Systems a Reality” Keith McPherson Mana

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  1. FAA New Technologies Workshop III 9 January 2007 “Making Ground Based Landing Systems a Reality” Keith McPherson Manager GNSS

  2. What are we trying to do? Provide harmonious integration of navigation and surveillance systems to provide air space solutions that deliver safe and cost effective seamless gate to gate flight operations to all stakeholders Reduce controlled flights into terrain Improve vertical navigation Why?

  3. Controlled Flight Into Terrain Accident Locations(US statistics, none available for Australia)

  4. Relative Locations of Controlled Flights Into Terrain Lockhart River Accident

  5. Regional Example On 7 May 2005, a Fairchild Metroliner, with two pilots and 13 passengers, was on a scheduled passenger service from Bamaga to Cairns via Lockhart River, Qld. Simulation from Flight Data Recorder information

  6. Aircraft was well established on GPS centreline, but 850 feet below published flight path at impact point.GRAS provides the vertical guidance required, but pilots must trust their instruments From: INTERIM FACTUAL AVIATION SAFETY INVESTIGATION REPORT 200501977

  7. Ilyushin IL-76 Baucau, Timor-Leste 31 January, 2003 Runway 14 Baucau Accident Site Extended Centre Line

  8. Mount Gambier, SA 10 December 2001 Extended Centre Line Mt Gambier Airport Accident Site

  9. What have we done? • 71% of the world’s airports are Cat-I (IATA) • The world has been waiting for 15 years for GBAS Cat-I • Industry had LAAS SCAT-I capability in 1992/93 • But international STANDARDS were missing • US (FAA) brought GBAS Cat-I SARPs to ICAO • Once approved, there was an expectation the system would become available immediately – didn’t happen due to integrity issues • Qantas took delivery of 9 B737-NGs with GBAS Cat-I avionics • Drove Airservices to look at investing to make the system happen

  10. Technology Overview NPA 400-600ft GRAS 250ft GBAS 200ft GRAS Transmitters Sydney Airport Regional Airport • Increased safety, accuracy & integrity • More efficient approaches • Reduced infrastructure & real estate • Increased Guided missed approaches • Increased Integrity • Supports ADS-B - accurate surveillance • Assists UPR & UPT • Mixed Mode operation with RNP • Guided Departures • Situational Awareness • Accurate departure tracks • Environmental saving GBAS is a precision landing system GRAS enroute & regional approach system

  11. GBAS System Ground Based Augmentation System GBAS is Airport Based GRAS Regional System • GBAS Features • Replaces ILS • Covers all runway ends • Curved approaches • Terrain Issues • Environmental • Guided missed • approaches • Guided departures • Reduced real estate • More stability • Less signal Interference • Less maintenance One GBAS supports all runways within 23 nmiles (eg Sydney and Bankstown)

  12. Terrain Restrictions Guided Departures GNSS Operational Benefits Angled Approach Community Noise Concerns Straight Approach Runways Parallel Approach Sectored Approach GRAS and GBAS provide Vertical Guidance and Flexible approaches Curved Approach

  13. GBAS Cat-1 Sydney

  14. GPS Reference Receiver Antennas VHF Data Link Antenna The “Hook” at Sydney airport extending into Botany Bay GLS Facility Shelter

  15. QANTAS: First B737-NGs with operational GBAS Cat-I First full fleet fitment of GLS Lead customer for GLS on A-380s

  16. Beta GBAS Cat-I in Australia 28 Aug 05: Decision to go ahead 29 Oct 05: First test flight by Qantas (Intermittent trials for 12 mths) 31 Oct 06: CASA approved Qantas to fly the GBAS Cat-1 (CASA Instrument 399/06) Must use Honeywell Beta+ GBAS facility Only usable by Qantas pilots in accordance with Qantas trial May fly below RTCC lowest altitude if: Ceiling is at least 3000 feet above terrain Flight crew has runway threshold in sight 03 Nov 06: CASA approved Airservices to commence transmissions 23 Nov 06: Go live date Other airlines with suitably equipped and approved GBASavionics may apply for approval to use the approaches

  17. ICAO Compliant GBAS Cat-I in Australia • Airservices Australia contracted Honeywell International to bring an ICAO compliant GBAS Cat-I to completion – signed 10 Apr 06 • Approximately 22 months to complete RTCA DO-178B/278 compliant software – approximately 6 months of certification • Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority involved from Day 1 • Aim is to have CASA approve Part 171 change to allow operation of completed system by mid 2008 • Technical Cooperation Agreement signed with the FAA (Feb 06) to share information, staff and procedures

  18. ICAO Compliant GBAS Cat-I in Australia • Building and certifying to FAA Doc 2937A – some areas will be non compliant due to Australian laws eg. fire and intruder alarms must not be part of system but completely separate • System will enable elliptical or horizontal polarised broadcasts • FAA plans to issue System Design Approval for the ground station only as a “Non-Fed” system using Memphis • Once SDA achieved, system migrates to Australia for the full Part 171 operational approval program • Operational Approval involves ground station, site surveys, maintenance plans, logistics plans, flight inspection plans, pilot training, pilot licensing, ATC training

  19. QANTAS Aircraft - GBAS Fitment Qantas has 9 x B737-800s with GBAS avionics Approval gained 22 Dec 06 to retrofit other 24 x B737s Qantas 20 x A380s will come fitted with GBAS avionics All new Boeing aircraft will be fitted with GBAS avionics (including B787s (2007), B747-8s (2009) B777-200/300 Block 2 avionics or above are candidates for retrofitting – growing demand from airlines for B777 retrofit Airbus aircraft has GBAS avionics as an option on future buys

  20. Availability • Red label GBAS Cat-1 available 1st Quarter 2008 (12 months from now) • Hardware and software as presented for certification but awaiting certification • Red Labels into Memphis, Sydney, Bremen, Malaga late 2007 • Red Label will be upgraded to black label if no changes during certification • Black Label GBAS Cat-I available 1st quarter 2009

  21. Unexpected Outcomes • Aircraft manufacturers and airlines driving the way forward instead of waiting to be told what they should use • The synergy between Performance Based Navigation (RNP) and GBAS • Challenge of designing approaches to transition between an RNP approach and a Precision Approach or Approach with Vertical Guidance • Renewed interest in GBAS Cat-I • International Requests For Proposals and Requests for Expressions of Interest already issued for GBAS Cat-I systems • Outstanding relationship developed between FAA and Airservices Australia GBAS staff and senior management for certification and operational approval of GBAS

  22. SBAS Geo Satellite Ranging Only Galileo Satellite GRAS – Generic Architecture GPS GLONASS Satellite Satellite SBAS Geo ( Ranging Signal Only) VDB VDB GRAS Master Reference Station Stations VDB VDB VDB Terrestrial Communication Links Similar to SBAS and GBAS VDB

  23. GRAS • Phase 1 System Design started 2005 • Phase 2 - Full development contract signed with Honeywell 10 Apr 06 • APV-I (0.999 availability) will be achieved in low density areas • APV-I (0.9999 availability) will be achieved in high density areas • APV-II was assessed and the benefit gained was considered not worth the additional investment • ICAO only requires APV-I • GRAS SARPs Applicability Date 23 Nov 06 • Operational Approval December 2008 (planned)

  24. GRAS Avionics • RTCA GRAS MOPS (Avionics) now in penultimate draft • To commence Final Review and Comments (FRAC) Jan 07 • MOPS cater for high end aircraft, regional, charter and general aviation • Queensland University of Technology PhD students are building a General Aviation low cost aircraft GRAS receiver

  25. GBAS/GRAS Synergies • One set of ICAO SARPs covers both GBAS and GRAS • GBAS and GRAS capability in the one avionics, not separate systems • The synergy between GBAS and GRAS avionics is so close that the combination provides a cost effective solution to augmentation • Provides vertical guidance for regional, charter and general aviation • Airservices Australia and Honeywell are forging ahead with GBAS Cat-1 and GRAS development and certification

  26. Summary Plan CY05 CY06 CY07 CY08 CY09 Sydney Demonstration GBAS GBAS Software Development GRAS software Development Phase 1 – Definition Phase 2 – Development and Certification Production Operational & Deployment GBAS Aircraft GRAS Avionics 23/11 27/10 First passenger flight SLS-4000 Beta To Sydney 30/4 14/10 SDA Certification PDR CDR TRR Submit Certification docs 27/1 25/10 Certification IOC PDR HW PDR SW CDR Prototype Full Production Tech Cert Safety Case 171 Certification Remote Monitor Procedure A380 B737-800 B787 B747-8 A320 A340 Low Cost Avionics Standards Hon MMR

  27. Thank you

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