1 / 48

INFECTIONS OF LEISURE

INFECTIONS OF LEISURE. At the Shore. (insert picture of a beach). Puffer Fish Poisoning. Rare in U.S., common in Japan which is known as fugu-fugu Tetrodotoxin , heat stable, non-protein Causes total paralysis including respiratory paralysis 60% dies within the first 24 hours.

Rita
Download Presentation

INFECTIONS OF LEISURE

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. INFECTIONS OF LEISURE

  2. At the Shore • (insert picture of a beach)

  3. Puffer Fish Poisoning • Rare in U.S., common in Japan which is known as fugu-fugu • Tetrodotoxin, heat stable, non-protein • Causes total paralysis including respiratory paralysis • 60% dies within the first 24 hours.

  4. Diagnosis based on clinical history. • Treatment • Remove unabsorbed toxins • Airway support • Volume expansion with IV fluids • Atropine for bradycardia

  5. Ciguatera Food Poisoning • The most commonly reported food borne illness in U.S. • Most common toxins include ciguatoxin and maitotoxin • Lipid soluble • Colorless • Odorless • Heat stable

  6. Incubation period from 2 – 30 hours Symptoms • Filipinos & Chinese are more severely affected, Hawaiians the least • Gastrointestinal • Diarrhea • Nausea & vomiting • Abdominal pain

  7. Symptoms • Neurological • Vertigo • Weakness • Motor paralysis • Blurred vision • Coma • Temperature reversal

  8. Diagnosis on clinical grounds • electrolyte imbalance • Elevated serum ammonia • Treatment is primarily symptomatic • Remove toxin through emesis or gastric lavage with activated charcoal • Intravenous mannitol • Acetamenophen for myalgia

  9. Prevention • Avoid ingesting fish weighing more than 5 pounds • Beware of fish caught during red tides

  10. Scombroid-Fish Poisoning • Definition: • Acute clinical syndrome characterized by histamine toxicity due to ingestion of spoiled fish. • Half of the outbreaks reported to CDC were due fish served in restaurants & cafeterias. BONITO ALBACORE

  11. YELLOW FIN TUNA MACKEREL

  12. Histidinehistamine due to spoilage • Marine bacteria cause spoilage, e.g., M. morganii, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, clostridia, achromobacter, plesiomonas, enterobacter, serratia, & hafnia – common bacteria on fish surface • Histamine is heat stable and freezing stable

  13. Symptoms appear 30 minutes – 4 hours after ingestion of sharp, peppery, & bitter tasting fish. • Flushing & hot sensation of skin • Dizziness & headache • Burning sensation of the mouth & throat • Shortness of breath & palpitations • Skin rash

  14. Diagnosis on clinical grounds • Treatment is supportive and symptomatic • Epinephrine • Oxygen • Corticosteroids • Aminophylline • IV cemetidine

  15. Vibriovulnificus • Found in the pacific and Atlantic coasts • Most invasive and rapidly lethal human pathogen • Major Syndromes • Primary septicemia after ingestion of raw oysters by individuals with liver disease • Most vulnerable are individuals who have liver disease, especially alcoholic cirrhosis

  16. VIBRIO VULNIFICUS • The most invasive and rapidly lethal human pathogen • Septicemia after of raw oysters • Portal of entry is gastrointestinal tract • Incubation period 16 hours • DIC & septic shock • 2nd major syndrome is wound infections • Occurs in first 36 hours on trunk & extremities • Majority of cases from alcohol abuse

  17. Treatment • Prompt institution of ciprofloxacin, combination of ceptazidime & doxycycline

  18. MYCOBACTERIUM MARINUM • Pathogen of salt and freshwater fish • Isolated from swimming pools or aquariums, dead or diseased fish. • Causes cutaneous lesions, osteomyelitis, arthritis, sclero-keratitis

  19. Diagnosis: history & culture • Treatment: minocycline, clarithromycin & doxycycline

  20. Freshwater: Lakes & Hot Tubs • Pseudomonas Dermatitis/Folliculitis • Swimming pools and spas • Synthetic sponges

  21. Swimmer’s ear • Painful & pruritic auditory canal • Recurrent in swimmers • Mild infections respond to 2% acetic acid or eardrops containing topical steroids.

  22. Aeromonas in fish tanks, swimming pools, tap water, and brackish water. • Implicated in gastroenteritis, wounds, & soft tissue infections • Symptoms are fever, pain, edema & foul fish odor • Treatment by broad spectrum cephalosporins, aztreonam & aminoglycosides

  23. Aeromonas in Fish

More Related