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Rome: Importance

Rome: Importance. “successor” to Greece “carrier” of Greek civilization political model for later Europe measure of success for nations and individuals. Importance, con’t. model for later monarchies model for later, mixed constitutions Great Britain, U.S., etc.

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Rome: Importance

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  1. Rome: Importance • “successor” to Greece • “carrier” of Greek civilization • political model for later Europe • measure of success for nations and individuals

  2. Importance, con’t • model for later monarchies • model for later, mixed constitutions • Great Britain, U.S., etc. • model for most European legal systems • model for the concept of citizenship

  3. Roman History • The Regal Age: ca. 779-509 B.C. • The Republic: 509-27 B.C. • The Empire: 27 B.C.-1453 A.D. • Early Empire: 27 B.C.-325 A.D. • Later Empire: 325 A.D.-1453 A.D.

  4. Location • Italy • Tiber River • between Etruscan and Greek cities • part of the Latin League

  5. Early history • Indo-European • entered Italy ca. 2000 B.C. • settled south of the Tiber • primitive institutions

  6. The Kings • Seven kings • Romulus • historical kings? • the Etruscan kings • the last three

  7. The Republic • revolution • patricians (2-4%) and plebeians (96-98%) • constitutional government • influenced by Athens? • the constitution of Cleisthenes?

  8. Offices • 2 consuls • 2 praetors • aediles • quaestors • dictator

  9. Important institutions • the assemblies • the elective offices • patron-client relationships • The Twelve Tables

  10. Struggle of the Orders • struggle for political participation • plebeian institutions: the tribunes • the secessions • the compromises • no political violence until 133 B.C.

  11. Roman Expansion • conquest of Veii: Rome’s “Trojan War” • gradual expansion for a century • the Latin League • extension of citizenship • Romans, half-citizens, Latins, allies • continuous expansion • Celts, Samnites, etc.

  12. Expansion, con’t • Etruscans • Greeks • Carthage ??? • three Punic Wars • 254, 220, 146 B.C. • control of Western Mediterranean

  13. Expansion, con’t • the Hellenistic Monarchies • the Greek Federal Leagues • lots of wars, Romans are dragged in...a lot • Romans get tired of it • control of most of the Med. basin by 100 B.C. • but still essentially a city-state

  14. Roman Religion • rustic Italian cults • overlay of Greek religion • Etruscan influences • Romans as “pack rats”

  15. Roman art • best we don’t even talk about that

  16. Roman architecture • great skill • engineers and architects • roads, cities • concrete

  17. Roman Literature • copied from Greek models • interests in rhetoric, law, and satire • Stoic and Epicurean philosophy

  18. The Late Republic: 133-27 B.C. • introduction of violence into domestic politics • competition for status and recognition • civil war

  19. Important Figures • Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus • Marius and Sulla • Pompey the Great, Marcus Crassus, Julius Caesar • First Triumvirate • Marc Antony, Marcus Lepidus, Octavian Caesar • Second Triumvirate

  20. Gaius Marius

  21. Gaius Julius Caesar

  22. Pompey the Great

  23. Cicero

  24. Octavian Augustus

  25. Octavian as pontifex maximus

  26. Marc Antony

  27. The Empire • unification of the Mediterranean basin and western Europe • extended citizenship • empire-wide commerce • Roman law • tolerance for local autonomy

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