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Rock Structures

Rock Structures. Mt. St. Helens, October 2004. Igneous Structures: Plutons, Volcanoes, & Lava Flows (Oh, My!). Plutons. Name this Igneous Feature…. Igneous Dike. Plutonic Structures. Xenoliths. Source: William E. Ferguson. Why do we find Plutons at the Surface?. Uplift & Erosion.

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Rock Structures

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  1. Rock Structures Mt. St. Helens, October 2004

  2. Igneous Structures:Plutons, Volcanoes, & Lava Flows (Oh, My!)

  3. Plutons

  4. Name this Igneous Feature… Igneous Dike

  5. Plutonic Structures Xenoliths Source:William E. Ferguson

  6. Why do we find Plutons at the Surface? Uplift & Erosion Sierra Nevada Mountains Batholith, California

  7. Volcanic Structures Mafic vs. Intermediate/Felsic

  8. Mafic Eruptions:Passive Lava Flows

  9. Lava Flows

  10. Aa Lava Flows

  11. Pahoehoe Lava Flows

  12. “Window” into Lava Tube

  13. Lava Tubes

  14. Pillow Structure

  15. Pillow Structures

  16. Columnar Structures

  17. Shield Volcano

  18. Summit Caldera

  19. Cinder Cones

  20. Flood Basalt Flows

  21. Felsic Eruptions:Explosive Ash and Thick Lava Flows

  22. Stratovolcano

  23. Lava Dome

  24. Ash Flow Caldera

  25. Ash-Flow Caldera:Crater Lake, Oregon

  26. Pyroclastic Flow

  27. Pyroclastic Flow

  28. Sedimentary Structures

  29. Bedding (1-300 cm) Stratafication Laminations (<1 cm) Massive Strata (>300 cm)

  30. Inter-Bed Structures(within strata) • Graded Beds • Cross Beds • Dropstones Outcrop of turbidites, Carboniferous, northwestern China.

  31. Graded BedsDeath Valley, CA

  32. Cross BedsZion National Park, UT

  33. Dropstones Norway

  34. Intra-Bed Structures(on the surface of strata) • Ripple Marks • Mudcracks • Raindrop Impressions

  35. Ripple Marks

  36. MudcracksGlacier National Park, MT

  37. Raindrop Impressions

  38. Fossils

  39. Trace Fossils Coprolites Miocene Mammal (WA) Worm Burrows: Middle Silurian, Grimsby Formation, Hamilton, Ontario

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