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The Economy, Education, Countryside and Family Life of China

The Economy, Education, Countryside and Family Life of China. China Highlights 2010-03-11. China ’ s Economy. Third largest in the world after the USA and Japan (largest within 10 years). GDP 30 trillion yuan / 4.4 trillion USD. Annual growth of 8-9% (despite global slowdown).

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The Economy, Education, Countryside and Family Life of China

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  1. The Economy, Education, Countryside and Family Life of China China Highlights 2010-03-11

  2. China’s Economy • Third largest in the world after the USA and Japan (largest within 10 years). • GDP 30 trillion yuan/ 4.4 trillion USD. • Annual growth of 8-9% (despite global slowdown). • Fastest growing major economy for the last 30 years.

  3. China’s Economy • Primary Sector (agriculture, mining, fishing): 3.4 trillion yuan, growth 5.5% • Secondary Sector (manufacture, processing): 14.6 trillion yuan, growth 9.3% • Tertiary Sector (service industries): 12.0 trillion yuan, growth 9.5%

  4. Average Income • Average income nationwide9,400 RMB or 1,400 USD. • Average income in the cities and larger towns 15,800 RMB or 2,300 USD. • Average income in the villages 4,700 RMB or 700 USD.

  5. Urban-Rural Monthly Income Comparison for China's Provincial Level Regions (2008) • Data is an average of "incomes", i.e. those without an income (e.g. children, housewives, retired) are not factored in.

  6. Government Insurance (taken from companies or individual salaries) • 20% Medical Insurance, • 10% Providing for the Elderly Insurance • 10%-12% Public Accumulated Housing Fund • 2% Unemployment Insurance • Work Related Injury Insurance – different rates for different industries.

  7. Income Tax • The first 2000 RMB earned is tax free.

  8. The Chinese Countryside • There’s a big difference in income between city and country. • 58% of China’s population live in the countryside – 766,000,000 people • Population density (139/km2) (360/sq mi) • 1/3 land populated (true density x3!) • 15% arable, 34% pasture, 14% forest, 28% desert • 58% mountains, 35% plains and basins

  9. The Chinese Countryside • Vast, varied, much less developed than the urban areas. • Only 10-15% of land suitable for cultivation. • 300M farm workers. • 300M moved to the cities in the last 30 years. • 300M to move to the cities in the next 30 years. • Who will farm? • 200M pop. increase in the next 30 years.

  10. Crops • World’s largest producer of rice 900M tonnes (India 2nd: 125 M tonnes) • Wheat, maize, tobacco, soybeans, peanuts, cotton

  11. China’s Poor • 10.8% of Chinese – 143,000,000 – live on less than 1 USD/day. • Most are in the country, especially in the less accessible mountain areas where the minorities live. • China has many policies to look after its minorities and rural poor: leniency in the one child policy, access to education, government grants and poverty relief, etc.

  12. China’s Minorities • China is 92% Han and there are 55 minorities including • Zhuang (16M or 1.2%), Manchu (10 million or 0.86%), Uyghur (9 million or 0.79%), Hui (9 million or 0.79%), Miao (8 million or 0.72%), Yi (7 million or 0.65%), Tujia (5.75 million or 0.62%), Mongols (5 million or 0.47%), Tibetan (5 million or 0.44%), Buyi (3 million or 0.26%), and Korean (2 million or 0.15%).

  13. Family Planning • The Chinese Government limit children to one per family by a system of fines and benefits. • This is different for minorities: • Zhuang families in the countryside are allowed two children. • Smaller minorities have no limits.

  14. Rural medical insurance • For 10 RMB a year country-dwellers can have 70% off “normal” medical treatment.

  15. Migrant Workers • 140 million fill the train network heading home during the Chinese New Year holiday period. • 57% get their jobs based on contacts such as friends, relatives, and neighbors. • 45% between the ages of 16 and 25 • Only 16% are over 40. • Nearly two-thirds of all migrants were male. • Roughly 83% had nine years of education or less.

  16. Education in China • 9 years compulsory education policy: ages 7-16 attend school. • Nursery School 2-7 (4 classes) • Primary School 7-13 (6 years) • Junior Middle School 13-16 (3 years) • Upper Middle School 16-19 (3 years) • University 19-23+ (4 years for a degree) • Vocational Schools 16+ (1 year and other courses)

  17. Education in China • Education is free from primary school to junior middle school. • The extra expenses of stationery and board are still a problem for poorer families. • Upper middle school and university or vocational school fees are a major expense for most families

  18. Education in China • Regimented structure – similar throughout the country. • National anthem played and sung every morning. • Flag raising ceremonies and daily exercises from middle school. • Military marching instruction at the beginning of university. • There is the option to join in Communist Party patriotic activities from primary school. • University students can become party members.

  19. Nursery Schools • Large classes of maybe 30 children. • Split into 4 “years” • “Small class” those too young to do anything but play and be entertained. • “Middle class” 4-5. Songs, games. • “Big class” 5-6. Writing. Numbers • “Pre-study” 6-7. Basic English and Math.

  20. Nursery Schools • Nursery schools rare in village areas. • Children stay at home and play until old enough to attend primary school. • Mostly young female teachers with junior middle school education. • Run like businesses. • Convenient place to leave children if both parents have to work. • Nursery Schools cost different amounts depending on how often parents pick their children up: 200 every day, 500 once a month.

  21. Primary School • Often include a pre-school class as a cheap alternative to nursery school, in the countryside particularly. • Countryside Primary Schools often have much lower standards of education than city schools. • In the countryside maybe only one out of a class of 30 passes the middle school entrance exam. • This means they can’t attend a “better” middle school, but must attend a middle school. • In the city, all would be expected to pass.

  22. Junior Middle Schools • Large class sizes: 50-60. • Countryside: one junior middle school per district. • Cities: Middle schools are numbered the 1st, the 2nd, etc. • Boarding. Most children live at school.

  23. Upper Middle Schools • High pressure years of studying to pass university entry exams. • Only major countryside towns have an upper middle school, often divided from the junior middle school. • In the city middle schools are usually combined.

  24. Chinese Universities • Only found in prefecture level cities. • A “Normal University” in China is a university specializing in producing teachers. • Other Universities are named after their speacialisms: Electrics, Technology, Computing, Tourism, etc. • A city will usually have one large university and several smaller institutions which offer diplomas as well as degrees. • Major cities have several large universities.

  25. Vocational Schools • Often go under the title universities, but offer vocational courses primarily. • These are often an option after junior middle school if a practical career is preferred. • Universities and schools have huge areas of student accommodation. • Cheap food outlets and rooms for rent spring up in the areas around the universities to cater for the students.

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