1 / 66

Assistive Technology for People with Communication Impairments

Assistive Technology for People with Communication Impairments. Melanie Fried-Oken, Ph.D., CCC/Sp Director, Assistive Technology Program Professor, Neurology, Biomedical Engineering, Otolaryngology & Pediatrics Oregon Health & Sciences University Portland, Oregon friedm@ohsu.edu.

Sharon_Dale
Download Presentation

Assistive Technology for People with Communication Impairments

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Assistive Technology for People with Communication Impairments Melanie Fried-Oken, Ph.D., CCC/Sp Director, Assistive Technology Program Professor, Neurology, Biomedical Engineering, Otolaryngology & Pediatrics Oregon Health & Sciences University Portland, Oregon friedm@ohsu.edu

  2. Lecture Objectives • Understand the WHO International Classification of Functioning model for disability; • Present information on current assistive technology related to employment; • Describe augmentative and alternative communication equipment and practice.

  3. A model of illness and health • Need a way to describe illness or (PC) health&wellness. • Need a model to understand relationship between illness and interventions.

  4. The WHO International Classification of Functioning (ICF) model of illness • WHO ICIDH: International ClassificationofImpairments, Disabilities, andHandicaps • Developed in 1970s • Published first in 1980 • revised 1995-99; now ICF

  5. WHO ICF Model of illness Four Levels Three Contexts Organ(pathology) Personal Person(impairment)) Physical Person in environment Behavior (activities) Social Person in society Social position (Participation) Well-being

  6. WHO ICF 20 y.o. wm with cerebral palsy Lesions in the basal ganglia Organ (pathology) Person (impairment) Spastic dysarthria 2° cerebral palsy Person in environment Behavior (activities) Reduced intelligibility Norman talks less; he eats alone at work, he has no friends; cannot use telephone well; he does not participate in workplace activities because people don’t understand him. Person in society Social position (Participation)

  7. Introduce speech generating device Person in environment Behavior (activities) Synthetic speech offers 100% intelligibility Person in society Social position (Participation) Norman talks more and is really funny…he tells great jokes at lunch and has friends whom he eats with; he uses the telephone for work; now participates in workplace conversations.

  8. WHAT IS ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY? Devices, software, tools, and services that allow people who have physical and/or cognitive limitations to do tasks that would otherwise be significantly difficult for them to do. • Rick Creech, Augmented speaker and Resources Coordinator, PA Department of Education

  9. Tech Act: • Technology-Related Assistance for Persons with Disabilities Act of 1998: • Assistive technology is “any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of people with disabilities” [P.L. 100-407, 29 U.S.C. 2201, §3(1)].

  10. A.T. is a device or a service

  11. A Device: • Any item, piece of equipment, or system that increases, maintains, or improves the functional capabilities of people with disabilities. • A.T. devices help people function longer and better.

  12. A Service: Assistive Technology without training is not assistive. - Rick Creech, A.T. user and advocate

  13. We all use A.T.

  14. WHAT IS AAC? Augmentative and Alternative Communication refers to any strategy, technique or tool that enhances, replaces, augments or supplements an individual’s communication capabilities.

  15. Speech Vocalization Gestures Eye gaze Body language Sign language Paper and pencil Communication books Communication boards and cards Speaking computers Talking typewriters Voice output communication aids Augmentative Communication Approaches

  16. AAC GOALS • Temporary means of communication • Lifelong means of communication • Means to facilitate re-development of communication

  17. WHO IS AN AAC USER? Anyone whose communication is adversely affected by an impairment in speech, language, cognition, and/or physical abilities.

  18. “Communication competence and the control it brings insures that patients will maintain the ability to guide, direct, and influence the management of medical and personal aspects of their lives.” Yorkston, Miller, Strand, 1996

  19. DIAGNOSES LEADING TO EXPRESSIVE COMMUNICATION DISABILITIES IN ADULTS

  20. AN EXPRESSIVE COMMUNICATION DISORDER A PERMANENT OR TEMPORARY INABILITY TO EXPRESS ONESELF WITH GESTURAL, SPOKEN OR WRITTEN MEANS BECAUSE OF PHYSICAL, COGNITIVE, &/OR LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS BEUKELMAN & GARRET, 1988

  21. PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENTS • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis • Friedrich’s Ataxia • Brainstem Stroke (locked in syndrome) • Respiratory Insufficiency (intubation/ventilator dependency) • Spinal Cord Injury • Cerebral Palsy

  22. PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS • Huntington’s Disease • Multiple Sclerosis • Closed Head Injury • Parkinson’s Disease

  23. LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS • Aphasia (usually Broca’s, anterior, or expressive aphasia) • Mental retardation/developmental disability

  24. What is the AAC evaluation? • Needs and environmental assessment • Communication partners • Communication locations • Communication modes • Message needs

  25. 4 purposes of communication • Express needs and wants • Information exchange • Social closeness • Social etiquette

  26. The AAC Evaluation cont’d • Language abilities • Language comprehension • Language production (vocabulary, grammar, morphology) • Spelling and writing abilities • Mechanics of writing • Speech function • Speech function

  27. Electronic Devices • Speech generating devices (SGDs) • Synthesized speech output • Digitized speech output • Computers • Dedicated versus integrated devices • Adapted keyboards • Touch screens • Track balls and joysticks

  28. 4 components of SGD to consider: • Processor • Interface or access method • Language system (or symbolic representation used for concepts) • Output

  29. The processor:Integrated vs. dedicated device

  30. Access method:Computer interface

  31. Purpose of computer access • Written communication (word processing) • Emailing • Vocation/employment • Telecommuting • Internet surfing • Telephoning

  32. Written communication options • Keyboard modifications • On screen keyboards • mouse access • head mouse access • single switch access • Rate enhancement techniques: • word prediction • abbreviated expansions (macros)

  33. Keyboard modifications

  34. Keyboard labels

  35. On screen keyboards

  36. MOUSE OR TRACKBALL ACCESS

  37. JOYSTICK CONTROL

  38. Touch window

  39. HEAD MOUSE ACCESS

  40. single switch access

  41. Working while locked in Brain-computer interface Cyber link

  42. Morse Code • 2 switch option

  43. Language representation: Symbol sets and systems

  44. Orthography • Spelling • Typing • Words & phrases

  45. Rate enhancement techniques • Generating text with these techniques is S…L…O…W… Two techniques to enhance rate of production: • Word prediction • Abbreviated expansion

  46. Word Prediction

More Related