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Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi. Finding the Fungus Among Us. Characteristics of Fungi . Eukaryotic Most are Multicellular Filamentous body plan Heterotrophic by Absorption Produce spores by sexual and asexual reproduction Haploid for part or most of life cycle Cell wall made of chitin

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Kingdom Fungi

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  1. Kingdom Fungi Finding the Fungus Among Us

  2. Characteristics of Fungi • Eukaryotic • Most are Multicellular • Filamentous body plan • Heterotrophic by Absorption • Produce spores by sexual and asexual reproduction • Haploid for part or most of life cycle • Cell wall made of chitin • No movement: change location by growth of body or dispersion of spores

  3. The Filamentous Body of a Fungus (c) Hyphal Cells (cutaway) (a) Mycelium HaploidNuclei Cytoplasm Septum (b) Individual Hyphae Pore Cell Walls

  4. Body Plan of Fungi • Mycelium = network of filaments • Hypha = individual filament (plural = hyphae) • Septum = partition dividing cells, has pore for distribution of nutrients • Reproductive structure extends from main body, produces spores

  5. Fungal Nutrition • Heterotropic by absorption • secrete digestive enzymes • digest macromolecules outside the body • absorb digested nutrients • Three nutritional modes • Saprophytic = digestion of dead organisms • Parasitic = digestion of live organisms, causing disease • Mutualistic = beneficial relationship for two independent organisms

  6. Saprophytes

  7. Parasites

  8. Lichen: Mutualism Between Alga and Fungus Algal Layer Fungal Hyphae AttachmentStructure

  9. Mycorrhizae: Mutualism Between Fungus and Plant Roots

  10. Applying Your Knowledge • Parasitic • Saprophtyic • Mutualistic • Which mode of nutrition • Provides a benefit for the fungus and its symbiotic partner? • Is shown by athlete’s foot fungus? • Involves digestion of dead organisms?

  11. Sexual Reproduction • Hypha from mycelia of opposite mating types fuse • Fusion of two haploid nuclei forms diploid zygote • Zygote produces haploid spores by meiosis • Each spore germinates to produce a haploid mycelium

  12. Chythrid Fungi • Flagellated, swimming spores require water for dispersal • Ancestral group, gave rise to modern fungi Forming Male Gametes Forming Female Gametes

  13. Zygote Fungi • Live in soil and on decaying plant matter • Zygosporangia = reproductive structures producing haploid spores

  14. Sac Fungi • Ascus = sac that surrounds haploid ascospores

  15. Club Fungi • Basidium = club-shaped reproductive structure that produces basidiospores

  16. Club Fungus Life Cycle Haploid Nuclei Fusion forms diploid zygote. Basidiaon gills MEIOSIS Basidiospores(haploid) Haploid1n Mushroom gillsbear reproductivebasidia. Diploid2n

  17. Club Fungus Life Cycle Basidiospores(haploid) Basidiaon gills Hyphae aggregateto form mushroom “+” MatingStrain “-” MatingStrain Basidiospores germinateforming hyphae (haploid). + - Haploid1n Hyphae fuse, buthaploid nucleiremain separatein binucleate cells Diploid2n

  18. Imperfect Fungi • Sexual reproduction has not been observed

  19. Applying Your Knowledge • Chytrids • Zygote Fungi • Sac Fungi • Club Fungi • Imperfect Fungi • Which group of fungi • Encloses haploid spores within an ascus? • Has flagellated gametes? • Has an umbrella-shaped reproductive structure called a basidium? • Has not shown sexual reproduction?

  20. Applying Your Knowledge • Chytrids • Zygote Fungi • Sac Fungi • Club Fungi • Imperfect Fungi • Which group of fungi • Are found on as a topping your mushroom pizza? • Caused the pizza dough to rise? • Make up the fuzzy structure on the two-week old loaf of bread in your cupboard?

  21. Applying Your Knowledge • Prokaryotes • Protists • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia • Which kingdom/domain • Has organisms that are heterotrophic by ingestion? • Has cell walls made of chitin? • Reproduces by binary fission?

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