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PRESENTATION ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT: BY BRIG (Dr) B.K. KHANNA, SENIOR SPECIALIST (LCD) NATI

PRESENTATION ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT: BY BRIG (Dr) B.K. KHANNA, SENIOR SPECIALIST (LCD) NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY. PREVIEW. Disturbing Trends of Disasters and their Impact on India. Factors Responsible for Increasing Number of Disasters.

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PRESENTATION ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT: BY BRIG (Dr) B.K. KHANNA, SENIOR SPECIALIST (LCD) NATI

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  1. PRESENTATION ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT: BYBRIG (Dr) B.K. KHANNA, SENIOR SPECIALIST (LCD) NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

  2. PREVIEW • Disturbing Trends of Disasters and their Impact on India. • Factors Responsible for Increasing Number of Disasters. • Lessons Learnt from Recent Disasters. • Disaster Management Cycle. • Hazard Vulnerability of India. • Disaster Management Act, 2005. • Charter and Vision of NDMA. • Organisation of NDMA. • National Disaster Response Force. • Role of Armed Forces in Disaster Management. • Conclusion.

  3. DISTURBING TRENDS OF DISASTERS AND THEIR IMPACT ON INDIA

  4. DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL DISASTERS ALASKA CHINA USA JAPAN INDONESIA INDIA AREA-WISE EVENTS (1975-2001)

  5. IMPACT OF MITIGATION & PREPAREDNESS MEASURES ALASKA CHINA USA JAPAN INDONESIA INDIA DISTRIBUTION OF PEOPLE AFFECTED BY DISASTER (1975-2001)

  6. PERIOD GLOBAL ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERS Losses in US $ Billion 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s Note :1. UN Declared the decade of 1990-1999 as International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. 2. Losses 1995-1999- Developed World – 2.5% of GDP. - Developing World – 13.4% of GDP. *Source www.em-dat.net

  7. LOSSES DUE TO MAJOR EARTHQUAKES(>6 ON RICHTER SCALE) IN JAPAN & USA (2003 - 2005)

  8. MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA : 1990 - 2005 1. If Average Annual Lives Lost are Added, Figure Will go to More than 2. Adding Average Annual Losses, the Figure Will be More than 121,500 156,000 Cr

  9. INDIAECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERS 139 % 50 % PERIOD 86,000 Cr Losses in Thousand Crores Annual- Impact on People 1. Losses in lives - 4334. 2. People affected - 30 Million. 3. Houses lost - 2.34 Million. Annual- Financial Losses Percentage of Central Revenue (for relief) – 12%.

  10. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR INCREASING NUMBER OF DISASTERS • Population Growth and Urban Development • Development Practices • Climatic changes • Effect of Environmental degradation

  11. POLAR ICE CAPS ARE MELTING FASTER THAN EVER… MORE AND MORE LAND IS BEING DEVASTATED BY DROUGHT… RISING WATERS ARE DROWNING LOW-LYING COMMUNITIES…

  12. VICIOUS CYCLE BURNING FOSSIL FUELS AND BURNING FORESTS RELEASE CARBON INUNDATING LOW COASTAL AREAS GLOBAL WARMING MELTING POLAR ICE RAISES SEA LEVELS REDUCES OXYGEN AND INCREASES DROUGHT NOW IT IS VERY MUCH EVIDENT THATCLIMATE DISRUPTIONS FEED OFF ONEANOTHER IN ACCELERATING SPIRALS OF DESTRUCTION.

  13. LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE RECENT DISASTERS

  14. Hurricane Impact (Law & Order) Loss of Property and Lives CHAOS Early warning Overwhelmed State Federal 24 48 72 96 Preparedness Fed + State Response (Fed + State ) HURRICANE KATRINA (US) DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY “The country’s Emergency Operations awesome in their potential, are also frighteningly inter dependent. Locals are in charge till they get overwhelmed. Then they cede control to Feds but not entirely. The Scarier things get, the fuzzier the lines of Authority become-------Uncertainty develops at crucial moments-------Leaders are afraid to actually Lead.---” TIME, 19 September 2005 Response IN HURRICANE RITA THE FEDERAL GOVT GOT INVOLVED FROM THE WARNING STAGE.

  15. 500,000 138,000 127 111 1970 1991 1994 1997 BANGLADESH - A SUCCESS STORY IN PREPAREDNESS & RESPONSE CYCLONES – AREA – COX BAZAAR Even when Population had doubled Losses of Lives • Remarks • Losses of lives shown for Cyclones with equal Intensity. • Success as a result of well defined Responsibilities and Coordinated & Efficient Response Mechanism.

  16. MUMBAI FLOODS Existed on Paper But, Enforcement Lacking. 1. Plans Most Crucial Responder -NOT Formally Part of Response Plan. 2. Police Technological Shortfall - Many Lives Could have Been Saved. 3. Timely Warning

  17. NATURAL DISASTERS – LESSONS LEARNT 1. Mitigation Systems Require Manifold Improvement & should be “Technology Driven”. 2. Weakness in “Early Warning Systems” and Dissemination of Information to Far Flung Areas. 3. Decision to Provide Aid :- (a) Slow because of Procedures. (b) Request from States not backed by Proper Assessment. 4. States Organizations – Not Geared to Guide & Receive Aid. 5. Disaster Response Resources at State Level – Very Inadequate.

  18. NATURAL DISASTERS – LESSONS LEARNT 6. Non Availability of Specialist Equipment, (Incl Mobile Field Hospitals). 7. Assistance from NGOs NOT Coordinated & Optimised. 8. People - Principal Actors -- Focused Public Awareness Campaign a Must. • Post Disaster Relief & Reconstruction - Lot of GAPS. • Positive Lesson -- Role of the Armed Forces

  19. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

  20. WHAT IS A DISASTER? DISASTER is an event which is – -generally unpredictable, -happens instantly or without giving enough time to react -affecting a large number of people, -disrupting normal life and leading to a large scale devastation in terms of loss of life and property -always finding the administration and affected people struggling to respond in the desired manner and -leaving deep socio-psychological, political and economic after effects which persist for a long time to come.

  21. CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS • Natural, Man-made & Human-induced • Disasters occur in varied forms • Some are predictable in advance • Some are annual or seasonal • Some are sudden and unpredictable • Factors leading to a Disaster • Meteorological, Geological, Ecological or Environmental, Technological Etc.

  22. NATURAL DISASTERS • Floods • Earthquakes • Cyclones • Droughts • Landslides, Pest Attacks, Forest Fires, Avalanches etc

  23. TIME DURATION OF NATURAL DISASTERS Earthquakes -> Seconds/minutes Cyclones -> Days Floods -> Days Droughts -> Months

  24. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONTINUUM DISASTER MANAGEMENT MITIGATION LONG TERM MEASURES RESPONSE Risk Analysis Rescue Preparedness Prevention Rehab Warning and Evacuation Vulnerability Analysis Structural Measures Reconstruct. & Recovery Relief Planning of Disaster Response Hazard Assessment Note Non-Structural Measures Being done efficiently Needs better Planning Risk Assessment No Substantial Work done so far

  25. HAZARD VULNERABILITY OF INDIA

  26. IV EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ZONES 2002 V IV V V III Zone V MM IX or more “ IV MM VIII “ III MM VII Zone II MM VI “ I MM V or less together now make Zone II MM VI or less Area under the zones V 12% IV 18% III ~27% Total damageable ~ 57% III V

  27. WIND & CYCLONE HAZARD ZONES IN INDIA

  28. FLOOD HAZARD PRONE AREAS OF INDIA

  29. Severe Risk Area High Risk Area Moderate Risk Area Unlikely Occurrence LANDSLIDES ZONATION MAP OF INDIA

  30. VULNERABILITY OF STATES Name & No of States/UTs Types of Disaster * 1 5 Gujarat 4 4 Maharashtra, AP, Orissa & A&N Islands 10 3 NE States, W Bengal, Bihar, TN- - - 17 Delhi, UP - - - - 2 3 *Rajasthan,- - - 1 *Even though affected only by Drought but suffers heavy Financial Losses averaging Rs. 3 to 8 Thousand Crores,Annually. *Types:Earthquake,Cyclone,Tsunami,Flood,Drought &Landslide.

  31. DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005 “In order to Coordinate Central Govt efforts in Preparedness, Prevention, Response, Mitigation, Relief and Rehabilitation and for adoption of a Holistic Pro-active Approach to Disaster Management, a NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY has come into being by an Act of Parliament in December 2005 under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister as the NODAL AGENCY for Disaster Management in the Country.”

  32. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE GOVT OF INDIA PLANNING COMMISSION CABINET COMMITTEE ON SECURITY NDMA / NEC CABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL CALAMITIES MHA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT OTHER MINISTRIES/ DEPARTMENTS NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE HIGH LEVEL COMMITTEE NATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRE ARMED FORCES STATES/ UTs GOVTs MINISTRIES/ DEPARTMENTS HOME GUARD POLICE DEPARTMENT OF HOME SDMAs CIVIL DEFENCE FIRE SERVICES STATE DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE DISTRICTS POLICE & FIRE SERVICES HOME GUARD DDMAs DEPARTMENTS CIVIL DEFENCE LOCAL BODIES/ AUTHORITIES COMMUNITY COMMUNITY

  33. CHARTER – NDMA AND VISION

  34. CHARTER • The ‘National Authority’ shall have the responsibility for laying down Policies, Plans and Guidelines for Disaster Management for ensuring Timely and Effective Response to disasters (Both Natural & Man Made). 2. Coordinate the Enforcement and Implementation of the Policy and Plans for Disaster Management. 3. International Assistance and Cooperation. Ensure Implementation Approve Coord Monitor Plan

  35. VISION “The National Vision is, to build a Safer and Disaster Resilient India, by developing a Holistic, Proactive, Multi-hazard and Technology-Driven Strategy for DM. This will be achieved through a Culture of Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness to generate, a prompt and efficient Response at the time of Disasters. The entire process will Centre-Stage the Community and will be provided Momentum and Sustenance through Collective efforts of all Government Agencies and Non-Governmental Organisations.

  36. ORGANISATION

  37. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY CHAIRMAN (PRIME MINISTER) CABINET COMMITTEE ON SECURITY CABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL CALAMITIES VICE CHAIRMAN POLICIES,PREVENTION,MITIGATION & PREPAREDNESS MR. NVC MENON MEMBER MR. K.M. SINGH MEMBER Mr B BHATTACHARJEE MEMBER Mrs. P.J RAO MEMBER LT. GEN. JRB MEMBER MR. M.K. MEMBER MR. M. S. REDDY MEMBER NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SECRETARY NDMA DISASTER MANAGEMENT WING CAPACITY BUILDING,COMMUNICATIONS & NEOC WING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE

  38. DISASTER MANAGEMENT WING Media & Public Preparedness International Cooperation Financial Advisor Mitigation & Preparedness Policies & Plans Community Preparedness Media & Information Project Monitoring Finance Policies Accounts & Audits Plans Project Formulation & Preparedness

  39. CAPACITY BUILDING, COMMUNICATIONS& NEOC COMMUNICATIONS,SYS & KM NEOC & CAPACITY BUILDING Systems & KM Communications Operations & Logistics Capacity Building Knowledge Management & IDRN Network IT & Systems Logistics Network Control Room Operational Commns Coordina tion Logistics Strategic Planning & Policy Scenario Building

  40. NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE

  41. NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE • NDRF consists of 8 battalions, with 144 self sustaining teams for rendering effective response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. • Four battalions are for natural disasters and four for NBC. • NBC battalions will also be trained in combating natural disasters. • The force will be equipped with State of the Art equipment and will be deployed in anticipatory manner to provide instantaneous response. • It will work under NDMA and will be located at nine vulnerable locations. • They will maintain close liaison with the State Governments and will be available to them automatically, thus, avoiding long procedural delays. • Four Training Centres have been set up by PMF to train their respective NDRF Battalions. • They will also meet the requirement of States/ UTs. • NDRF Battalions will impart basic training to State Disaster Response Force in their respective locations.

  42. NDRF BNS – REGIONAL MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES (RMRCS) & TRAINING CENTRES PATNA (SSB) ½ Bn ½ Bn Each CHANDIGARH GUWAHATI GR. NOIDA KOLKATA GANDHINAGAR BHUBANESHWAR PUNE HYDERABAD LATUR CHENNAI NAGPUR LEGEND NDRF BNs/ RMRCs TRAINING CENTRES APEX TRAINING CENTRE

  43. CONSTITUTION OF SPECIALISED SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAM Team Commander (Inspector) 2 IC/ Ops Officer (Sub Inspector) Team C (6) Team D (6) Dog Squad (3) Medical Support Team (3) Team A (6) Team B (6) Tech. Support (6) Adm. Support Team (7) Total – 45 Personnel

  44. CONSTITUTION OF SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAM FOR NBC EMERGENCIES Team Commander (Inspector) Information Officer (Sub Inspector) Safety Officer (Sub Inspector) Dy Team Leader (Sub Inspector) Tech. Support (4) Detection & Assessment Cum Evacuation Team (6) Rescue And Evacuation Team (6) Rescue and Evacuation Team (6) Deconta- mination Team (6) Medical Unit (6) Adm. Support Team (7) Total – 45 Personnel

  45. “For Development to be Sustainable, Disaster Mitigation Must be Built Into The Planning Process”

  46. “EVERY DISASTER MUST BE TREATED AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO BUILD BACK BETTER”

  47. DON’T PASS IT ON TAKE IT ON TAKE IT ON TAKE IT ON

  48. THANK YOU

  49. HAZARD A dangerous condition or events that threaten or have the potential for causing injury to life or damage to property or the environment. Hazards are basically grouped in two broad headings: • Natural Hazards (hazards with meteorological, geological or biological origin) • Unnatural Hazards (hazards with human-caused or technological origin) Natural phenomena are extreme climatological, hydrological, or geological, processes. A massive earthquake in an unpopulated area, is a natural phenomenon, not a hazard. But when these natural phenomena interact with the man made habitat, they may cause wide spread damage. Then, they become hazard

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