Evoluci n de las Aves

1. Evoluci�n de las Aves

2. Quiz (1) Identifique los nombres de al menos dos f�siles descubiertos en China relacionados con la evoluci�n de las aves (1) Identify the names of at least two fossils discovered in China related with bird evolution

3. (2) Se�ale la opci�n que incluye las dos teor�as principales del origen de las aves: (2) Pick the option that includes the two main theories about the origin of birds: Origen Thecodonto o Crocodiliano Thecodont or Crocodilian origin Origen Thecodonto o Theropodo Thecodont or Theropod origin Origen Theropodo u Ornithomimido Theropod or Ornithomimid origin Origen Theropodo u Ornithischio Theropod or Ornithischid origin

4. (3) Verdadero o Falso / True or False: (a) Las aves son dinosaurios. Birds are dinosaurs. (b) Los Enantiornithes dieron origen a las aves modernas. The Enantiornithes gave origin to modern birds. (c) Archaeopteryx carec�a de plumas. Archaeopteryx lacked feathers. (d) Existieron dinosaurios con plumas. There were feathered dinosaurs. (e) Todos los Archosauria con plumas pod�an volar All Archosauria with feathers were able to fly.

5. (4) Explique, �que es la Paradoja Temporal en relaci�n al origen de las aves? (4) Explain, what is the Temporal Paradox in relation to the origin of birds?

6. Evoluci�n de las Aves

7. Similitud con Reptiles Thomas Huxley mediados 1800�s Un c�ndilo occipital Forma del tarso Huevo polarizado Escamas queratinizadas Hembras heterogam�ticas Globulos rojos nucleados

8. Archaeopteryx Descrito en 1861 Origen de las especies de Darwin (1859) 145 ma Per�odo Jur�sico Antes de las plantas con flor Antes que el T. rex

9. Plumas asim�tricas Garras curvas en las patas Sin m�sculos cupracoracoides (hombro) Mand�bulas con dientes Garra retractil en el segundo dedo Cola larga con huesos

19. Thecodontesdieron origen a los cocodrilos, dinosaurios, & pterosaurios

32. Teor�a Cl�sica (Heilmann) del Origen de las Aves Thecodonto Basal Arb�reo Plumas 1o. Vuelo 2o. Aislamiento T�rmico M�s antiguo queArchaeopteryx

33. Teor�a de Ostrom del Origen de las Aves Ancestro Coelurosaurio Theropodo Corredor Plumas 1o. Aislamiento T�rmico 2o. Volar Tiempo similar a Archaeopteryx

47. Late Jurassic Birds Liaoningornis Sympatric with Confuciusornis Skull / Bill Pygostyle Synsacrum Furcula Air sacs & Ribs Keel Pectoral girdle Fused hands / arms

50. Two Major Bird Lineages Enantiornithes Fusion of tarsometatarsus in opposite order Most Diverse avian group in Cretaceous Worldwide distribution Ornithurae

53. Non-Passerine Radiation Fossils vs. Extant Phylogenies Presbyornis Shorebirds (gulls, sandpipers)

55. Large Carnivorous Birds Gastornis / Diatryma � Europe / NA Australian Dromonithids  �Giant Demon Duck of Doom� Terror Birds � South America Far from sympatric Chicken sized terror birds in same german shale as gastornis. Terror birds were top predators . . . South america only place with top birds, mammals elsewhere. Saber-tooth cats may have outcompeted after connection with north america. Stayed on as scavengers in south america until just before the arrival of humans. Really fast.Chicken sized terror birds in same german shale as gastornis. Terror birds were top predators . . . South america only place with top birds, mammals elsewhere. Saber-tooth cats may have outcompeted after connection with north america. Stayed on as scavengers in south america until just before the arrival of humans. Really fast.

56. Pseudodontorns 17� wingspans, false teeth17� wingspans, false teeth

57. Teratorns 25 foot wingspan, 170 lbs.25 foot wingspan, 170 lbs.