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Type of Biofertilizers

Biofertilizers can be defined as organisms, mainly bacteria, fungi, and algae, that increase the supply of essential nutrients in the soil that can be readily used by host plants to promote plant growth. Biofertilizer organisms must consist of specific strains of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, or combinations thereof.

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Type of Biofertilizers

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  1. TypeofBiofertilizers Biofertilizerscanbedefinedasorganisms,mainlybacteria,fungi,andalgae,that increase the supply of essential nutrients in the soil that can be readily used by host plantstopromoteplantgrowth.Biofertilizerorganismsmustconsistofspecificstrainsof microorganismssuchas bacteria,fungi, algae,orcombinations thereof. Typesofbiofertilizer Organicfertilisersaredividedintodifferent categoriesdependingonthetypeof microorganismsinvolved. Bacterialorganicfertiliser Bacteriathatpromotesoilfertilitycanbesymbiotic,non-symbiotic(free-living),or looselyassociatedwiththerootsofhigherplants.Theysupplementthesoilby convertingfreenitrogenintonitrogencompoundssuchasammonia,nitricacid,and organicnitrates. Forexample, Rhizobium,Azospirillum, Azotobacter, and Phosphobacteria. Manycyanobacteriahavetheabilitytofixnitrogen.B.Anabaena,Nostoc,Aulosira,etc. Actinomycetes are bacteria known to produce multiple plant growth-promoting molecules and to combat plant diseases by secreting multiple compounds such as secondary metabolites. Therefore, they are known to be suitable for improving agriculturalproductivity - e.g. Francia. Organicfertiliserformushrooms Trichodermaandmycorrhizalfungiareinterrelatedwithplants.Fungalbiofertilizersplay an important role in supporting plant growth, health, and productivity and improving soil fertility. Organicfertiliserfromalgae Blue-green algae (BGA) and Azolla are algal biofertilizers widely used in organic agriculture. Biofertilizers are mostly grown and propagated in laboratories. In this way, culturedmicroorganismsarepackagedinacarriertomakeiteasiertouseon-site,and thisiscalledbiofertilizer. However, blue-greenalgaeandAzollaareorganismsthatcan reproducein large numbers outdoors.

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