research methodology example

1. An Academic presentation by Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Tutors India Group www.tutorsindia.com Email: info@tutorsindia.com

2. WHAT ARE PHILOSOPHICAL PARADIGMS IN RESEARCH? Philosophical paradigms are underlying assumptions and views that influence every stage of research methodology, such as dissertation topic selection, data collection, and statistical analysis procedures. They are the fundamental and theoretical viewpoints that determine how researchers conduct research and interpret their findings. Different types of philosophical paradigms exist that guide the research methodology and approaches to research methodology.

3. TYPES OF PHILOSOPHICAL PARADIGM There are several types of philosophical paradigms in research that includes positivism, interpretivism, critical theory, and constructivism. Each of these paradigms is based on its own set of assumptions and ideas about the nature of reality, the role of the researcher and their connection with the research participants. The choice of a philosophical paradigm depends on the research question, objectives, and nature of the dissertation topic. CONTD

4. POSITIVISM Positivism is based on the philosophical attitude of natural scientists who work with observable reality within society to generate generalisations. The positivism research paradigm prioritises objectivity and quantitative research methods to study observable phenomena. It is based on the assumption that a single reality can be observed and measured and that knowledge can be obtained using scientific procedures. CONTD

5. INTERPRETIVISM The concept of interpretivism evolved from critiquing the positivism research paradigm. Interpretivism is a philosophical paradigm that emphasises subjectivity and uses qualitative methods to study social phenomena. Interpretivism is more concerned with in-depth variables and aspects associated with a context; it regards humans as distinct from physical phenomena in that they provide greater depth in meanings on the belief that humans cannot be investigated in the same manner that physical phenomena can. CONTD

6. CRITICAL THEORY Critical theory is a philosophical paradigm that prioritises social justice and studies power interactions and social systems utilising qualitative methods. It takes the view that social inequality and oppression are ingrained in society and that science can be utilised to question and reform these institutions. CONTD

7. CONSTRUCTIVISM Constructivism is a philosophical paradigm that emphasises the role of the researcher in building knowledge through research methodology. It is assumed that knowledge is gained by the interaction between the researcher and the study participants and that the researcher’s notions and opinions might impact the research outcomes

9. IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHICAL PARADIGMS IN GUIDING RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Choosing a philosophical paradigm is important because it guides the research methodology and approach. Different paradigms require different research methods and techniques and can lead to different conclusions about the research topic. Check out our study guide for more guidance on choosing an appropriate research methodology. Choosing the proper philosophical paradigm is essential for conducting robust and relevant research. Failure to choose an appropriate paradigm can result in research that is neither rigorous, coherent, nor meaningful.

10. CONCLUSION Research methodology involves collecting, analysing and interpreting the data collected during research. Research methodology is often based on the understanding of the research gapsthat are identified from a literature review. This understanding often gives rise to assumptions to guide the research, known as philosophical paradigms . Positivism, Interpretivism, Critical Theory and Constructivism are the types of philosophical paradigms in research. Choosing a relevant philosophical paradigm helps guide research to obtain results that help answer the research question.

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