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The Developing Person. Chapter 4. Conception. Prenatal Development. Fewer than ½ of fertilized eggs (zygotes) survive 1 st week cell division produces 100 cells 10 days zygote attaches to uterine wall and becomes the placenta The inner cells become the embyro. Funny. Embryo: 6 Weeks.
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The Developing Person Chapter 4
Prenatal Development • Fewer than ½ of fertilized eggs (zygotes) survive • 1st week cell division produces 100 cells • 10 days zygote attaches to uterine wall and becomes the placenta • The inner cells become the embyro
Embryo: 6 Weeks • The embyro body and organs begin to form and function • Heart beat begins • Liver begins to make red blood cells
Embryo: 9 Weeks • Embryo look unmistakably human • It is now a Fetus
Fetus: 6 Months • Internal organs such as stomach have formed and are functioning • Gives fetus a chance of surviving premature birth
Nutrition and the Mother • At each prenatal stage, genetic and environmental factors affect development • Nutrients and teratogens are passed from mother • Example: a mother who drinks heavily puts her fetus at risk for FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
The Amazing Newborn • Surprising compotent • Sensory equipment and reflexes help with interaction with adults • Rooting reflex • Prefer objects within 8-12 inches • Distance of a nursing mothers eyes • Know mothers odor and voice
Infants • After birth neural networks have a growth spurt • Muturation set the course of development • Experiences adjust it • Lack of neural connections explain why we can’t remember those developmental years • 3.5 yrs. old is average memory start time
Sensorimotor to Object permanence • Infants begin cognition (thinking, knowing, remembering) • Begin forming schemas that help assimilate our experiences • Infants go from sensorimotor stage to object permanaence • Things exist even when out of sight
Attachment • 8 months • Infants prefer familiar voices and faces • Begin showing stranger anxiety • Become attached because of warmth and comfort • Not imprinted like animals • Forms over time
Transition • Adolescence is the transformation from childhood to adult hood • Puberty • Begins in girls at 11 and boys at 13 • Primary Sex Characteristics: Reproductive Organs • Secondary Sex Characteristics: • Females: Breasts and hips • Males: facial hair, deeper voice • Both: Underarm and pubic hair • Landmarks • Males: 1st ejaculation age 14 • Females: Menarche age 12
Self • Erik Erikson: Adolescence is to solidify one’s identity • We try different selves • We gather them all into a self and then feel ready for intimacy • Gender differences • Females: interdependent and open • Males: closed and selective
Adulthood Show part 18 of discovering psychology
Decline • Middle Adulthood • Barely noticed physical changes occur and begin to accelerate during middle adulthood • For women Menopause • Later Life • Declining perception, strength, and stamina • Brain remain healthy • Unless brain disease like Alzheimer’s acquired
Decline Con’t • Memory • Recognition remains strong, recall declines • Research • Cross-Sectional Studies • Steady intellectual decline in early adulthood • Longitudinal Studies • Intellectual stability until late in life • Fluid Intelligence • Declines later in life • Crystallized Intelligence • Does not decline
Death • We will al suffer from the loss of relatives or friends • Most difficult: Spouse • Women suffer this 5 times more than men • Most serve is death before social clock • Death of a child • Early death of spouse • The Five Stages of Death • Denial • Anger • Bargaining • Depression • Acceptance
