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Carbon Capture and Storage. Based on the 4 th Clean Coal Symposium held in Regina, October 23-24. Outline. Coal Use and the CO 2 problem Alternative solutions to adverse environmental problem Current Clean Coal Technologies, and their future CCS test projects Conclusions.
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Carbon Capture and Storage Based on the 4th Clean Coal Symposium held in Regina, October 23-24
Outline Coal Use and the CO2 problem Alternative solutions to adverse environmental problem Current Clean Coal Technologies, and their future CCS test projects Conclusions
CO2 production Coal for electricity generation is, and will be, a primary energy resource, but we need to focus more effort on lowering its impacts.
CCS cost and Scenarios Capture and pressurization ~ $25/tonne CO2 Transportation and Storage ~ $5/tonne CO2
CO2 Capture It will increase the electricity price between 40 to 60% Create uncertainty New plant: Post-Combustion, Oxy-fuel or IGCC? Existent Power plant Retrofit for CO2 capture? Post-Combustion or Oxy-fuel? Rebuilt for CO2 capture? Post-Combustion, Oxy-fuel or IGCC?
Future context It appears that IGCC with capture technology will win .. but … IGCC availability ~ 70% PC availability ~ 90%
IGCC SynGas C + H2O -> CO + H2 H2 + CO -> HxCy + CO2
What is GHG emission? • Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ) (Fossil-fuel combustion, Land-use conversion, Cement Production) • Methane (CH4) (Fossil fuel production and combustion, Agriculture, Waste decomposition ) • Nitrous Oxide (NOx) (Fertilizer, Industrial processes, Fossil fuel combustion ) • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) (Refrigerants) • Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) (Aluminum smelting, Semiconductor manufacturing ) • Sulfur Hexafluoride (SH) (Dielectric fluid used in electrical equipment ) GHG = CO2e = CO2 + 21*CH4 + 310*N2O + (140, 11700)*HFC + + (6500, 9200)*PFC + 23900*SH
Carbon Capture and Storage - It is an approach to mitigate global warming by capturing carbon dioxide from large point sources storing the CO2 instead of releasing it into the atmosphere. • Applied ot fossil fuel power plants. • Technology for large scale capture of CO2 is already commercially available and fairly well developed. • The long term storage of CO2 is a relatively untried concept.
CCS cost and Scenarios Capture and pressurization ~ $25/tonne CO2 Transportation and Storage ~ $5/tonne CO2
CO2 Capture It will increase the electricity price between 40 to 60% Create uncertainty New plant: Post-Combustion, Oxy-fuel or IGCC? Existent Power plant Retrofit for CO2 capture? Post-Combustion or Oxy-fuel? Rebuilt for CO2 capture? Post-Combustion, Oxy-fuel or IGCC?
CO2 Storage 747 Mt CO2e – in Canada (2005) 235 Mt CO2e – in Alberta (2005) 129 Mt CO2e – in E&H in Canada (2005) 52 Mt CO2e – in Electricity in Alberta (2004) Weyburn project (World’s the largest full-scale MMV project) Capacity: 30 Mt CO2 Rate storage: around 1 kt CO2/day We need projects of 1 to 2 Gt CO2/year
Clean Coal Based on the 4th Clean Coal Symposium held in Regina, October 23-24
Future context It appears that IGCC with capture technology will win .. but … IGCC availability ~ 70% PC availability ~ 90%