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EET 450

EET 450. Motherboards. Personal Computer History. 1959 - TI invented the IC 6 transistors 1969 - Intel introduced 1k-bit memory chip 1971 - Intel 4004 - the 1st microprocessor chip (4 bit processor) 1972 - the 8008 introduced. PC History.

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EET 450

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  1. EET 450 Motherboards

  2. Personal Computer History • 1959 - TI invented the IC • 6 transistors • 1969 - Intel introduced 1k-bit memory chip • 1971 - Intel 4004 - the 1st microprocessor chip (4 bit processor) • 1972 - the 8008 introduced

  3. PC History • 1973 - Personal computers using the 8008 appeared (kits) • late 1973 - Intel 8080 • Jan 1975 - the Altair kit - Popular Electronics feature article • 1975 IBM introduced Model 5100 • $9,000 PC • 5110 and 5120 followed

  4. PC History • 1976 - Apple I introduced ($695) • 1977 - Apple II • up to 1980 the dominant computer was the S-100 bus system running CP/M • (See the North Star Horizon) • 1980 - IBM introduced the PC • The rest is history

  5. THE PC • The Personal Computer currently is based around the MOTHERBOARD • This main logic board has evolved from one containing only the primary logic required to tie together the basic functional units of the PC to an integrated processor/support structure.

  6. Motherboard • Motherboard, main board, system board, and planar • Primary elements • Processor • Processor sockets • Clock circuitry • Cache Memory • SIMM/DIMM memory

  7. Other Elements • Bus • Differing by type/speed/etc. • BIOS • Form Factor - Size/shape • Built in Interfaces • IDE, Floppy, Serial Port, Parallel Port, Video Display, Sound card, NIB

  8. Other Elements • Plug and Play capability • Power Management • Motherboard chipset • ‘glue’ logic

  9. Motherboard Chipset • Parity • Triton II (430HX) • Non-parity • Triton (430FX) • 430TX • 430VX • Pentium Pro • Orion (450KX & 450 GX type) or Natoma (440FX)

  10. BIOS • ROM Bios is being replaced by other forms of non-volatile memory • flash • eeprom • The basis of how the system will work • provides drivers for certain classes of hardware • ie. Floppy drives, hard drives, PnP, Power

  11. Bios • Original Equipment Manufacturer’s • Compaq • AT & T • make their own BIOS • ROM BIOS developers • American Megatrends, Inc. (AMI) • Award Software • Phoenix Software

  12. BIOS • AMI • most popular of the 3rd party versions • BIOS ID String can provide specific information about the version and features of any AMI version. • Does not sell code to OEM - licensed only • http://www.ami.com

  13. BIOS • Award • Sells code to OEM’s • http://www.award.com • Phoenix • the standard of compatibility • developed using clean room approach • excellent documentation • http://www.firmware.com

  14. Motherboard Form Factor • Backplane systems • passive - only connectors • active - includes bus control + • Full-Size AT • 12” x 13.8” • Baby AT • 8.58” x 13.04

  15. Form Factor • LPX • expansion cards plugged into motherbd • Low profile/slimline design • connectors for kb/mouse/video/ser/par • 9” x 13” or 8.2” x 10.4” (mini) • ATX • an INTEL spec • released July 95

  16. Low cost, flexible design responds to many user concerns for accessibility and maintainability • 12” x 9” • Single 20-pin power connector called a P1 connector • Includes software enabled power-on switch

  17. Mini ATX • ATX board with compact design • 11” x 8”

  18. CPU Form Factor • SEP – Single Edge Processor (slot 1) • SECC – Single Edge Contact Cartridge (PII/III Slot 1) • SECC2 – SECC, version 2 • PPGA – Plastic Pin Grid Array • Socket 370 • FC-PGA – Flip Chip PGA

  19. CPU Form Factor • See Table 3-7 and Figure 3-10 for older chip information • Currently, P4 uses a Socket 478 configuration • AMD uses a Socket A configuration

  20. CPU Sockets/Slots • Slot mount CPU’s are fading fast • Sockets should be ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) • Cooling systems are an integral part of any CPU installation -

  21. Bus Slots • The bus • pathway of ‘parallel’ signals • Various bus functions • Processor • Memory • Address • I/O • Normally BUS refers to expansion bus

  22. Bus Slots • The PCI Interface is the standard for expansion • See table 3-10 for busses through history • The AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) bus provides specialized support for video display adapter • 1x, 2x, 4x …

  23. Memory Expansion • Motherboard must contain expansion area for memory • FPM – Fast Page • EDO – Extended Data Out • BEDO – Burst EDO • SDRAM – Synchronous DRAM • Rambus DRAM – uses faster bus • DDR SDRAM – Double Data Rate SDRAM

  24. Memory Expansion • 30pin SIMM • 72pin SIMM • 168pin DIMM – current standard • RAMBUS

  25. Memory • Cache Memory • L1 – closest to the CPU (on the CPU Substrate) • L2 – external to CPU

  26. CMOS Settings • Part of BIOS setup • See table 3-12 • Standard • Advanced CMOS setup • Advanced Chip-set setup • Power Setup

  27. Assignment • See schedule

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