Biology I

1. Biology I Chapter 17

2. Vocab 31-40 #1-5 • Cancer • Heat • Heart • Slow • Windpipe

3. #6-10 • Breakdown • Center • Hundreth • Head • Tail

4. #11-15 & Bonuses • Allopatric • Meiosis • Mitosis • mRNA • Reproduce fertile offspring • Transcription • Translation

5. Vocab #41-50#1-5 • Brain • Neck • Claw • Chemical • Green

6. #6-10 • Around • Cartilage • Color • Hollow • Time

7. #11-15 & Bonuses • DNARNA • Diffusion • Grow • Gametes • Hydrogen • RNAProtein • Uracil

8. Do Now • Examine the timeline below. Which of the following events best fits the missing information on the timeline? • A. evolution of first amphibians • B. evolution of first prokaryotes • C. evolution of first multicellular organisms • D. formation of an aerobic atmosphere

9. The leg of an iguana and the wing of a bird look different, but they have similar functions and likely evolved from the same distant ancestor. • Structures such as these are said to be _______. • A. heterogeneous • B. differentiated • C. vestigial • D. homologous

10. Biodiversity Crash Course-Anatomy Biodiversity-the variety of organisms considered at all levels from populations to ecosystems. Taxonomy-The science of classifying living things

11. The Linnaean System Carolus Linnaeus-developed the system of classifying organisms by assigning them a genus and species name Gave organisms a Genus species Latin name.

12. Levels of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

13. Felis catus Species Felis Genus Felidae Family Carnivora Order Mammalia Class Chordata Phylum Animalia Kingdom Eukarya Domain

14. Levels of Classification The lowest hierarchy level in biological classification is the species. The highest hierarchy level in biological classification is the Domain.

15. Levels of Classification Least inclusive Species Most inclusive Domain

16. Levels of Classification Organisms in different genera may share the second word of their scientific names. may be in the same family. may be in different orders.

17. Levels of Classification Today, biologists classify organisms by their behavioral similarities physical similarities chemical similarities

18. Do Now • In 2 lines, explain why it was necessary to make a universal classification system of organisms.

19. Nearly all mammals have seven cervical (neck) vertebrae. This fact implies that • A. all animals can turn their heads the same amount. • B. predators prefer to eat animals with either six or eight cervical vertebrae. • C. all mammals have to stretch their necks to obtain food. • D. all mammals descended from a common ancestor.

20. What does it mean to say that two different species of organisms are closely related? • A. They have a common evolutionary ancestor. • B. They have the same preferences in diet. • C. They have the same parents. • D. They live in the same habitat.

21. Systematics Systematics-to classify organisms in terms of their natural relationships Used in systematic taxonomy to classify organisms Patterns of embryological development Homologous features Amino acid sequences of proteins

22. Phylogenetics Phylogeny-the evolutionary history of a species Phylogenetic Tree-presumed evolutionary relationships based on a variety of types of evidence.

23. Felis catus (domestic cat) Lutra lutra (European otter) Canis familiaris (domestic dog) Mephitis mephitis (striped skunk) Canis lupus (wolf) Species Lutra Mephitis Canis Felis Genus Canidae Felidae Mustelidae Family Carnivora Order Figure 15.7B

24. Cladistics Cladistics-a system of phylogenetic analysis that uses shared and derived characters as the only criteria for grouping taxa Shared character-a feature that all members of a group have in common Derived character-a feature that evolved only within the group under consideration Cladogram-a phylogenetic diagram

25. Cladistics

26. SABER TOOTH TIGER PRESENT DAY TIGER • The skeletons of a saber tooth tiger and a present-day tiger are shown above. Which of the following is a structural difference between the saber tooth and the present-day tiger? • A. size of scapulae • B. shape and size of skull • C. size of teeth • D. all of these

27. The study of structural differences and similarities among living things is called _______. • A. neurology • B. comparative biochemistry • C. comparative anatomy • D. embryology

28. Three Domain Classification System Carl Woese proposed the three-domain system of classification based on the examination of ribosomal RNA.

29. Three Domain Classification System The three domain system of classification is based on similarities and differences in : Ribosomal RNA Embryological development Fossils Physical features Various molecular structures

30. Classification Domain Kingdom Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic Unicellular or Multicellular Autotroph, Heterotroph, or Both Miscellaneous

31. Archaea Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular Both Use hydrogen to produce methane

32. Bacteria Domain Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular Both Contains fatty acids

33. Protists Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista Eukaryotic Unicellular Both Lack tissue organization; any eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi

34. Fungi Domain Eukarya Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotic Multicellular (Some Unicellular) Heterotrophic (absorbs food) Breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs

35. Plantae Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophic Cell wall made of cellulose

36. Animalia Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophic (ingests food) Movement

37. The figure above shows the progression of embryonic stages of four species of invertebrates. Which of the following species are most closely related by evolution? • A. Species A and Species D • B. Species A and Species B • C. Species C and Species D • D. Species B and Species C

38. Look at the organisms in the image above. Which of the following organisms are most closely related evolutionarily? • A. fish and clam • B. fish and starfish • C. starfish and sand dollar • D. crab and starfish