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Biology I- CP

Biology I- CP. Chapter 1- Scope of Biology Text- Biology, Exploring Life. What is Science?. Scientia (latin) - to know. Definition- A branch of knowledge or study dealing with a body of facts systematically arranged. What is Biology? Bios- life; logos-study

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Biology I- CP

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  1. Biology I- CP Chapter 1- Scope of Biology Text- Biology, Exploring Life

  2. What is Science? • Scientia (latin) - to know. • Definition- • A branch of knowledge or study dealing with a body of facts systematically arranged. • What is Biology? • Bios- life; logos-study • Study of living things and their interactions. • Characteristics of life- • Movement, growth, reproduce, breathe, response to stimuli, change shape, excretion.

  3. What are characteristics of all living things? • What are characteristics of a burning candle?

  4. Biologists use 6 characteristics to classify something as living or “alive” All Living Things: • 1. Are made of cells • A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things • “building blocks of life” • 2. Use energy • Plants use the sun energy (sunlight) to produce their own food (producers). • Animals (consumers) get energy by eating plants or other animals. • 3. Have features that help them to adapt to their surroundings • Camouflage, blend in with surroundings, ability to store water

  5. 6 Characteristics of Living Things (Continued) • 4. React to changes in their surroundings • Living things react to stimuli (light, sounds, etc.) • 5. Change or develop during their lifetimes • Changes in appearance or size (grow) • 6. Reproduce • Produce more organisms of their own kind • Allows each kind of organism to continue living on earth

  6. 1.1 Biology is studied from Global Microscopic Scale • Organizational levels of life: Biosphere Ecosystem Organism Cells DNA & Genes

  7. Biosphere • All parts of the planet with living things. • Includes water bodies • Land masses • Extends several kilometers above Earth

  8. Ecosystem • Includes all living (biotic) things and all nonliving (abiotic) features in an environment. • What things are in the example above? • Can you list some other examples of ecosystems?

  9. Organism • Individual living things • Can be large- such as… • or Microorganisms- • Too small to see with our eyes. • Need a microscope. • Ex- Bacteria • Remember ecosystems are dynamic- constantly changing because of interactions of all organisms and the environment.

  10. Cells • The basic unit of structure and function. • What does that mean? • A microscopic room • Nucleus- control center; directs activities of the cell. Cell theory: 3 parts • The basic unit of structure and function in all living things. • All organisms are composed of one or more cells. • Cells come from existing cells.

  11. DNA & GenesInheritance • DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid • The code of life ; instructions for making needed molecules. • Found in the nucleus of the cell. • Genes- units of inherited information. • Many genes are on one length of DNA. • What are some Examples of genes? • Human Genome Project.

  12. Concept 1.2 Biology explores diverse life forms Textbook- pp. 7-10

  13. SPECIES - A distinct form of life that can reproduce with each other and produce fertile offspring • More than 1.5 million species. Species diversity – variety of species in a given area • Insects- most diverse group • Tropical rain forests- most diverse ecosystem. – thousands of species/acre.

  14. CLASSIFICATION A strategy for putting organisms in categories based on similar characteristics. How to remember?

  15. How do we remember? • Domain- Kingdom-Phylum- Class- Order-Family-Genus- Species. • Help Aid: • Do Keep Penguins Cold Or Find Good Shelter.

  16. 3 DOMAINS OF LIFE Domain – broadest (largest)category in classifying life forms • Eukarya • Bacteria • Archaea

  17. Eukaryotic Vs Prokaryotic Organisms Eukaryotic • Contain nuclei in their cells • Complex organisms • Many are multicellular (many-celled); but not all Prokaryotic – • No nucleus. • Simple organisms • All are unicellular (1-celled)

  18. Domain Eukarya • Eukaryotic organisms • More complex • 4 kingdoms-Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi • Plants and Animals –multicellular- many-celled • Fungi and Protists can be multicellular or unicellular.

  19. Domain Bacteria • Tiny, Single cell, simple, prokaryotic organisms • Has 1 kingdom- Bacteria • Example: Streptococcus (bacteria that causes strep throat)

  20. Archaea • Tiny, unicellular, prokaryotes • “Extreme” bacteria; the “x games” bacteria • Live in (v.hot, salty, v cold) places; • Examples?

  21. 1.3 Ten Themes of Biology • Basic ideas/themes apply to all levels of biology and all organisms. • Help us connect what we will learn.

  22. 1. Biological Systems • A system is a combination of parts that makes a complex organization. • The properties are based on the arrangement of the parts and how the parts interact. • All living things are biological systems. • Examples- • human body • ecosytems

  23. 2. Cellular Basis of Life • All organisms are made of cells • Multicellular organisms have many levels of organization. • Levels of organization: • Cell- basic unit of structure and function • Tissue- group of similar cells that perform a specific function. • Organ- Made up of several types of tissue. • Organ system- several organs that together carry out a major body function. • Organism- has many organ systems that carry out life processes.

  24. Cellular Level of Organization-Example

  25. 3. Form & Function • The form or structures living things have allow them to perform certain functions or tasks. • Can you come up with some examples?

  26. 4. Reproduction & Inheritance • Organisms have the ability to reproduce their own kind. • Genes are responsible for the passing on of traits. • Genes are made up of sections of DNA • DNA contains the information for all characteristics. • Each cell in your body contains a copy of the DNA you inherited from your mother and father. • When a cell divides, it copies its DNA and passes this genetic information on to each of the two cells it produces.

  27. 5.Interaction with the Environment • No organism is completely isolated. • In ecosystems, each organism interacts continuously with its environment • Plants make food through photosynthesis • Equation of photosynthesis- • 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 • Plant roots break up rocks and release chemicals- acids into the soil.

  28. 5. Interaction with Environment continued • Transfer/ recycling of chemicals is key between organisms and their environment in ecosystems. • Can you come up with some examples? • Just as you are constantly sensing and responding to changes in your environment, so are all other organisms. • Some examples?

  29. 6. Energy and Life • Life processes such as moving, growing, reproducing require organisms to perform work. • To work there must be a source of energy. • Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and exits in the form of heat. • In an ecosystem energy is converted from one form of energy to another.

  30. Energy Pyramid

  31. Plants and other photosynthetic organisms are producers in an ecosystem • Producers produce the food in photosynthesis. • The plants use some of the food they produce for their own fuel and building material. • Consumers, are animals and other organisms that eat (consume) the food made by the producers. • The heat is released to the environment • Ecosystem cannot recycle energy. • Life on Earth depends on a continuous supply of energy from the sun.

  32. 7. Regulation • Definition- the ability of organisms to regulate their internal conditions. • homeostasis, or "steady state.“ • organisms regulate their internal environment, despite changes in their external environment. • Examples? • Sweating helps cool your body. • Panting- cooling mechanism- • Panting causes moisture on the surface of the animal's lungs to evaporate, cooling the body as a result.

  33. 8. Adaptation and Evolution • An adaptation-an inherited trait that helps an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. • What are some examples of adaptations? • A population- a group of organisms of the same species in a defined area. • Individuals of a population vary in their traits. • In natural selection -nature selects individuals with certain traits best suited in environments. They live longer and produce more offspring with these traits.

  34. Evolution • evolution means "a process of change.“ • evolution -a generation-to-generation change in the proportion of different inherited genes in a population. • The above beetle population is evolving.

  35. 9. Biology & Society • The impact biology has on the life of humans • Examples? • Make a list

  36. 10. Scientific Inquiry • Asking questions about the natural world. • Using observations & experiments to find answers to the questions.

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