Electrical Safety (Unqualified)

Welcome Safety Training – “A tool for life.” Electrical Safety (Unqualified) Interaction Required: Click on Flashing VCR Control to Advance Slide.

Course Objectives • The objective of this CBT module is to insure that personnel receive basic training in electrical safety. • Every employee's work involves electricity. • This may vary from typical electrical appliances found in an office (such as outlets, cords, coffee machines, computers, and copiers) to more dangerous high voltage work done only by trained and properly equipped electricians. Course Objectives

Overview OSHA Safety Standards Require: Workers Be Properly Protected Against Injury Training Be Conducted Electrical Hazards And Precautions Be Explained An “Electrical Safety” Program Be Established Job Electrical Hazards Be Assessed and Controlled Personal Protective Equipment Be Provided

Segments Introduction Program Requirements Training for Unqualified Persons Retraining Requirements Work Covered By 331-336 Excluded Work Definitions Selection of Work Practices Vehicular & Mechanical Equipment Use of Equipment Personal Protection Tips for Using Contractors Portable Ladders Conductive Apparel Housekeeping Duties Electrical Safety Interlocks Summary Segments

Introduction Employees of the company need to comply with The Company’s policies and procedures dealing with electrical safety. While this program covers general points to be aware of concerning electrical safety for unqualified personnel, you should also be aware of site specific procedures for your work area and location.

Introduction Because we use electricity for so many things, we often take it for granted. But electricity can be dangerous! And electrical accidents can have serious consequences: -Starting fires & explosions -Damaging machinery & equipment -Causing injuries, through shock or electrical burns We should exercise caution when working around and with electricity. To do that properly we need to know how electricity works, and the hazards that it brings with it.

Program Requirements All Employers Must: Safeguard Electrical Sources. Review Job Specific Hazards. Implement Corrective Actions. Conduct Hazard Assessments. Provide Training to All Required Employees. Control Workplace Hazards Using PPE As a Last Resort.

Training for Unqualified persons What is Electricity? Electrical current is the flow of electrons through a conductor. Some of the terms we each need to be familiar with are: Volts (Pressure) Current (Measured in AMPS) Resistance (OHM’ s Law) How current effects the body: Voltage Current (AMPS) = ------------------------ Resistance of Body (Ohms)

Training for Unqualified persons • Effect of Electrical Shock is determined by: Amount of current (AMPS) Length of time a body part makes contact with electrical current

Training for Unqualified persons • Levels of Shock - Any electrical shock must be considered dangerous Tingling Skin discoloration Minor burns Mild Shock > 5mA Numbness/temporary analysis Pain Spasms/loss of muscle control Loss of consciousness Severe Shock 5mA to 25 mA Deadly Shock Greater than 25 mA Death

Training for Unqualified persons • If you saw a person involved in an electrical shock situation, what would you do? • Your safety first: Never use your hands to free a victim frozen by electric shock • Shut power off • Summon help • As a last resort, and if safe to do so, use a dry, non-conductive object such as a wooden chair or broom handle.

Training for Unqualified persons • A GFCI is a device that detects voltage difference as little as 5 milliamps. At 5 milliamps, the power to the electrical tool is disconnected. A GFCI is an important safety device that should be used when operating tools or appliances at work and at home. • (For example, hair dryers come equipped with a GFCI. Also, all new home construction requires outside and bathroom outlets to be GFCI protected.) • Electrical Safe WorkPractices : • Using GFCIs • (GroundFaultCircuitInterrupts) GFCI Photo depicts GFCI and taped electrical ends. Use of GFCIs on a process unit requires a hot work permit.

Training for Unqualified persons • Grounding - Grounding electrical circuits and electrical equipment is required to: • Protect employees against electrical shock • Safeguard against fire • Prevent damage to electrical equipment • Office appliances will either be equipped with a grounding prong or the appliance may be double insulated (no grounding prong is required). • Never defeat the grounding prong. Do I have a grounding PRONG?

Training for Unqualified persons • Grounding (continued…) • The equipment grounding conductor provides a path to ground for dangerous current should the electrical insulation fail. • Any problems with the equipment grounding conductor must be immediately reported. Nope , I Don’t!?

Retraining Requirements Retraining is required when there Is….. • New Electrical Hazard. • Program Related Injury. • Change in Job Assignment. • New Equipment Introduced. • New Hazard Control Methods. • Failure in the Safe Work Practices. • Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency. Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency.

29 CFR 1901.331-336 The provisions of 29 CFR 1901.331-336 cover electrical safety work practices for both qualified and unqualified persons working on, near, or with: PREMISES WIRING WIRING FOR CONNECTIONS TO SUPPLY OUTSIDE CONDUCTORS ON PREMISES

Excluded Work The provisions of 29 CFR 1901.331-336 do not apply to electrical safety work practices for qualified and unqualified persons working on, or directly with: POWER GENERATION POWER TRANSMISSION POWER DISTRIBUTION ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT SWITCH GEAR MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS UN-INTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES (UPS)

Definitions Qualified Person A person who has the necessary training to avoid electrical hazards when working on or near exposed energized parts; who is familiar with the construction and operation of the specific equipment on the job; and who is familiar with the hazards of working on or near this electrical equipment or wiring.

Definitions Unqualified Person A person who has the necessary training to avoid electrical hazards when working on or near exposed energized parts; but who is not familiar with the construction and operation of the equipment and hazards involved with the job.

Selection of Work Practices SOME TIPS TO CONSIDER Employees may not enter spaces containing exposed energized parts. Employees may not reach blindly into areas which may contain energized parts.

Selection of Work Practices General Work must be performed in such a way so as to prevent electric shock or other injuries which may result from direct or indirect electrical contact, or from working near or on equipment or circuits which are, or may be, energized. The specific safely-related work practices must be consistent with the nature and extent of the associated electrical hazards.

Selection of Work Practices Working On or Near Exposed Energized Parts Only qualified persons may work on energized electrical parts and equipment. Such persons must be capable of working safely on energized circuits and must be familiar with the proper use of special precautionary techniques, personal protective equipment, insulating and shielding materials, and insulated tools.

Selection of Work Practices Overhead Lines Employees should stay away from overhead lines. If they are to perform work near overhead lines they should get these lines de-energized. Always observe the full required clearances for overhead lines.

Selection of Work Practices • Overhead Lines • Watch for overhead electrical lines when: • Operating a backhoe (both overhead & buried) • Operating a JLG • Operating a crane • Using a ladder (aluminum ladders are prohibited in the refinery) • Erecting scaffold • Loading roll-off boxes • Loading waste containers • Digging trenches Note: The fireball at above is the result of contact between a person and high voltage lines

DANGER LOCKED OUT DO NOT OPERATE This Lock/Tag may only be removed by NAME: _______________ DEPT : _______________ EXPECTED COMPLETION DATE: ________________ TIME: _________________ Selection of Work Practices LOCKOUT / TAGOUT as it applies to Electrical Safety... Authorized Employee The Person Who Locks Out Machines to Perform Servicing or Maintenance. Affected Employee An Employee Whose Job Requires Him or Her to Operate or Use a Machine or Piece of Equipment On Which Servicing or Maintenance Is Being Performed.

Selection of Work Practices LOCKOUT / TAGOUT as it applies to Electrical Safety… (continued) While any employee is exposed to contact with parts of fixed electric equipment or circuits which have been de-energized, the circuits energizing the parts must be locked out, or tagged out, or both. Fixed equipment refers to equipment fastened in place, or connected by permanent wiring methods. The employer must also maintain a written copy of the procedures.

Selection of Work Practices Application of Locks and Tags A lock and a tag must be placed on each disconnecting means of de-energizing circuits, as well as to equipment on which work is to be performed. The lock(s) must be securely attached.

Selection of Work Practices Application of Locks and Tags Each tag must contain a statement prohibiting unauthorized operation and removal of the tag.

Selection of Work Practices Application of Locks and Tags If the lock cannot be applied, or if the employer can demonstrate that tagging procedures will provide a level of safety equivalent to that obtained by the use of a lock, a tag may be used without a lock.

Selection of Work Practices • Application of Locks and Tags • A tag used without a lock, must be supplemented by at least one additional safety measure that provides a level of safety equivalent to that obtained by the use of a lock. • Examples include: • Removal of an isolating circuit element • Blocking of a controlling switch • Opening of an extra disconnecting device

Selection of Work Practices • Application of Locks and Tags • A lock may be placed without a tag only under the following conditions: • Only on a circuit or a piece of equipment that is de-energized. • The lockout period does not extend past the work shift. • Exposed employees are familiar with this procedure.

Selection of Work Practices LOCKOUT TAGOUT as it applies to Electrical Safety… A qualified person must test equipment to verify that the equipment cannot be restarted. A qualified person must use test equipment to test the circuit elements and electrical parts of the equipment to which employees will be exposed, and thereby verify that circuit elements and equipment parts are de-energized.

Selection of Work Practices LOCKOUT TAGOUT as it applies to Electrical Safety… Tests shall be used to determine if any energized condition exists as a result of induced voltage or unrelated voltage back feed (holding a charge like a battery) even though the equipment has been de-energized and might be presumed to be safe. Note: If the circuit to be tested is over 600 volts nominal, the testing equipment must be checked for proper operation immediately following this test.

Selection of Work Practices RE-ENERGIZATION SEQUENCE The following requirements must be met, in the ordergiven, before circuits or equipment are re-energized,...even temporarily. A qualified person must conduct tests and visual inspections, as necessary, to verify that all tools, electrical jumpers, shorts, grounds, and other such devices have been removed. Exposed employees must be warned to stay clear of circuits and equipment during re-energization.

Selection of Work Practices Re-energized Equipment Each lock and tag must be removed by the employee who applied it. If this employee cannot remove his lock or tag, it may be removed by the qualified person designated in your LO/TO procedure.

Selection of Work Practices Confined Spaces In Electrical Safety Energized parts must be protected from accidental contact. Doors, hinged panels and the like must be secured to prevent them from contacting workers or live parts.

Vehicular & Mechanical Equipment Elevated Equipment Vehicles or mechanical equipment capable of having elevated parts near energized overhead lines must be operated so that a clearance of 10 ft (305 cm) is maintained. If the voltage is higher than 50 kV, the clearance must be increased 4 inches (10 cm) for every 10 kV over that voltage.

Vehicular & Mechanical Equipment • Elevated Equipment • Clearance may be reduced if... • If the vehicle is in transit with its structure lowered, the clearance may be reduced to 4 ft. (122 cm). If the voltage is higher than 50 kV, the clearance must be increased 4 in (10 cm) for every 10 kV over that voltage.

Vehicular & Mechanical Equipment Clearance may be reduced if: If insulating barriers are installed to prevent contact with the lines, and if the line being guarded is not an attachment to or part of the vehicle or its raised structure, then the clearance may be reduced to a distance within the designed working dimensions of the insulating barrier.

Vehicular & Mechanical Equipment Employees On the Ground Employees standing on the ground may not contact the vehicle or mechanical equipment or any of its attachments, unless: The employee is using protective equipment rated for the voltage; or The equipment is located so that no un-insulated part of its structure that is conductive can come closer than the approach distances outlined and permitted under 29 CFR 1910.334.

Use of Equipment Flammable Materials Where flammable materials are present, electric equipment capable of igniting them must not be used, unless measures are taken to prevent hazardous conditions from developing. Such materials include, but are not limited to: flammable gasses, vapors, or liquids, combustible dust, O2 or oxidizers.

Electrical Safety (Unqualified)