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THE COLLISION OF TWO WORLDS

THE COLLISION OF TWO WORLDS. Instructor Carol Jean Cox. THE COLLISION OF TWO OLD WORLDS. Discovery of the New World Europe In Transition The First Americans Exploration & Conquest or Invasion & Genocide. THE FIRST AMERICANS. Origins Food & Shelter Skills & Technology Religion

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THE COLLISION OF TWO WORLDS

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  1. THE COLLISION OF TWO WORLDS Instructor Carol Jean Cox

  2. THE COLLISION OF TWO OLD WORLDS • Discovery of the New World • Europe In Transition • The First Americans • Exploration & Conquest or Invasion & Genocide

  3. THE FIRST AMERICANS • Origins • Food & Shelter • Skills & Technology • Religion • Geographic Regions

  4. THE FIRST AMERICANS • Origins • Asian nomads from Mongolia • Blood & DNA similarities of North American & Asians • Evolution of teeth structures • Archeological Sites • Radio carbon dating of stone tools • Yukon – blue fish caves • Pennsylvania Meadow craft 16000 bp • Clovis Period 13,000-12800 bp • Monteverde, Chile 13000 bp • Pedraferata, Brazil 48,000 bp

  5. THE FIRST AMERICANS • Diversity & Isolation • Isolation caused a diversity of cultures & languages • 15 million inhabitants • Two million today • 1-2000 languages in all of the Americas • 600 languages in North America • Video: In Search of the First Americans

  6. THE FIRST AMERICANS • Called “Indians” by Columbus • Geographic error • Label of all peoples as one • Food & Shelter • hunter-gatherers (nomadic & sedentary • Teepees, caves • Farming & irrigation (sedentary) • wood homes, adobe • Fermented wines & beers

  7. THE FIRST AMERICANS • Skills & Technology • Primitive tools & skills • Reed & grass baskets • Bows & arrows, harpoons • Hunting related skills (running, stalking) • 200 drugs & medicines

  8. THE FIRST AMERICANS • Writing system (Olmecs & Mayans) • Carved records in stone & on cactus fiber • (most destroyed in 1500’s by Spanish) • Architecture • Mayans built over 40 cities in Meso-America • Populations up to 20,000 each • Olmec, Mayan, Inca, Azec cultures • Pyramids, temples, aqueducts

  9. THE FIRST AMERICANS • Skills & Technology • Tools & skills • Medicines • Writing • Architecture • Religion • Animistic – worship of spirits in the natural environment • gods demanding human blood sacrifices • Some peaceful & some warlike

  10. THE FIRST AMERICANS • Geographic Regions • Coastal – pacific Western Tribes • Coastal habitation • Totem poles – landmarks of stories • Descendants of animals & man • Redwood homes & dug-out canoes • Inland – forests Sub Arctic • Movement by the water • Birch houses & canoes & cooking utensils • Caribou/elk/otter/mink/beaver/maple sap

  11. THE FIRST AMERICANS • Geographic Regions • Eastern Woodlands • Matrilineal heritage • Women choose tribal chiefs • Gender Specialized tasks • Women grew beans/corns • Children keep birds away men-hunter/warriors • Men hunter/warriors • Shells/pearls/birch houses

  12. THE FIRST AMERICANS • Geographic Regions • Plains Indians • Nomadic • Teepees as moveable homes • Grasses for baskets, hides for clothing homes & blankets • Hunter Gatherers • Buffalo the main stay of their diet • After the arrival of the Europeans, horses were used for hunting and transporting

  13. THE FIRST AMERICANS • Origins • Food & Shelter • Skills & Technology • Religion • Geographic Regions

  14. THE COLLISION OF TWO OLD WORLDS • Discovery of the New World • Europe In Transition • The First Americans • Exploration & Conquest or Invasion & Genocide

  15. THE COLLISION OF TWO OLD WORLDS • Exploration & Conquest

  16. EXPLORATION & CONQUEST • The First Explorers • Eskimos & Aleuts (Native Americans) • Japanese & Chinese Fishermen • West Africans (Olmec Legend) • European Vikings • Thorfinn Karlsefni –mapped part of North American coast • Tried to settle Newfoundland

  17. EXPLORATION & CONQUEST • The European Explorers / 15 & 16th centuries • Portugal – the African Coast & Route • Prince Henry the Navigator • 30 voyages along the African Coast • Bartholomeu Dias – Cape Good Hope 1488 • Vasco De Gama – Calicut, India 1498 • Pedro Cabal – East South America 1500 • The Brazilian Mistake • Colonies in West Africa, the Persian Gulf, Macao, and Brazil

  18. EXPLORATION & CONQUEST • The European Explorers / 15 & 16thcenturies • Spain – Colonization of the Americas • Columbus and the route west 1492 • An Italian sailing for Spain • Isabella invested 14,000 • Plan to reach Indies by sailing west • Japan only 2,500 west of Canary Islands • Four trips to Americas • Died believing he had landed in Asia

  19. EXPLORATION & CONQUEST • The European Explorers /15 & 16th centuries • Spain – Colonization of the Americas • Columbus - the route west 1492 • Vasco Nunez de Balboa – Panama 1513 • Ponce de Leon – Florida 1513 • Ferdinand Magellan – World 1519-1522 • Hernando De Soto - southeast & interior 1539-1542 • Coronado - southwest • Cortez – Aztec city of Tenochtitlan 1519 • Pizarro – Incas of South America

  20. EXPLORATION & CONQUEST • The European Explorers /15 & 16th centuries • English Colonies of the East Coast of North America, India, S.E. Asia, E. Asia Coast & Oceania, the Middle East THE BRITISH EMPIRE

  21. EXPLORATION & CONQUEST • The European Explorers of the 15 & 16thcenturies • Dutch – Colonization of the East Indies (Indonesia) and southern Pacific (New Zealand) • Abel Tasman • France – Colonization in North America • St. Lawrence Seaway & New Orleans • Russia - Exploration of the Pacific North West • Sitka & Fur Trapping • Bodega Bay/Fort Ross • English Colonies of the East Coast of North America, India, S.E. Asia, E. Asia Coast & Oceania, the Middle East

  22. EXPLORATION & CONQUEST • Motivational Factors for European Exploration 1. Improvement of quality of life • Precious stones & metals, silks, crafts, spices, drugs • Marco Polo and Crusaders introduced Europeans to new lifestyles and created demand for goods from the East

  23. EXPLORATION & CONQUEST • Motivational Factors European Exploration in the Americas 2. Establishment of new trade routes and national claims of territories • Existing routes were expensive and dangerous due to pirates & wars • Monopolized by Italian merchants who functioned as middlemen in trade between Europe & Asia

  24. EXPLORATION & CONQUEST • Motivational Factors European Exploration in the Americas 3. Spread Christianity 4. Control & Profit • New Territories mean greater wealth • Bypassing middlemen would bring greater wealth to a country and to the discoverer of a new route to the East

  25. EXPLORATION & CONQUEST • Motivational Factors for 15th & 16th century European Exploration • Spread Christianity • Establishment of trade routes and national claims to land • Sea routes through Indian Oceans & Persian Gulf • Overland routes through Middle Est (Levant) to Asia

  26. THE COLLISION OF TWO OLD WORLDS • Discovery of the New World • Europe In Transition • The First Americans • Exploration & Conquest or Invasion & Genocide

  27. THE COLLISION OF TWO WORLDS Instructor Carol Jean Cox

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