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The Visual System: Refraction, Glaucoma Test, and Intrinsic Eye Muscles

Explore the key aspects of the visual system including refraction, glaucoma testing, and the role of intrinsic eye muscles. Understand how the iris controls pupil dilation, the pharmacology of pupillary dilation, and the ciliary muscle's role in adjusting the lens for focus. Learn about eye strain, using a microscope, accommodation animation, convergence, and measuring near point of accommodation. Discover common vision disorders like myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, cataract, and strabismus. Explore visual reflexes, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, binocular vision, and retinotopy. Engage in a point localization experiment to understand spatial perception.

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The Visual System: Refraction, Glaucoma Test, and Intrinsic Eye Muscles

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  1. The Visual SystemPart 1

  2. Refraction Glaucoma & Glaucoma test

  3. Degree of cell packingin retina

  4. Intrinsic Muscles of the Eye: The Iris • Iris • circular.....constricts • radial.....…dilates • Dilating pupil for eye exam: how to do it? Pharmacology of pupillary dilation: Atropine

  5. Intrinsic Muscles of the Eye:Ciliary Muscle • Ciliary muscle relaxed = tension on zonular fibers = tension on lens = flattened lens = distant focus • Ciliary muscle contracted = tension on zonular fibers reduced = less tension on lens = lens becomes more spherical =near focus • Eye strain Using a Microscope or Binoculars

  6. Accommodation animation • DemonstrateConvergence • Measure NPA With Convergence

  7. NPA Left eye _______________mm NPA Right eye ______________ mm Sex of subject ___ Age in months___ Normally use corrective lenses/contacts? yes/no Wearing corrective lenses/contacts for test: yes/no

  8. 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.3 0.4 Presbyopia

  9. Disorders of Focus • Myopia = nearsighted • eyeball too long, cornea/lens to “strong” • image focused in front of retina • correct with concave lens • Hyperopia = farsighted • eyeball too short, cornea/lens to “weak” • image focused behind retina • correct with convex lens • Astigmatism • irregular surface of lens or cornea

  10. Cataract

  11. Strabismus= misalignment of eyes Extraocular muscles • Motor innervation by CN III, IV, VI Storytime

  12. Visual reflexes: Accomodation, Saccades, Tracking, Pupillary reflex Suprachiasmatic Nucleus for diurnal cycling Aka. Area 17 and V1

  13. Goliath?

  14. Evolution ofBinocular Vision Mapping the boundary of each visual field

  15. Retinotopy

  16. Point Localization Experiment • Work in pairs • 3 consecutive stimuli to same site • Trial 1 = Red pen • Trial 2 = Black pen • Trial 3 = Blue pen • Last digit SSN even = pen in dominant hand • Last digit SSN odd = pen in non-dom hand • 1st subject tests hand first • 2nd subject tests calf first • Test calf on same side as holding the marking pen.

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