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Achieve Article “Music to Grow By” Read and take notes on: Chapter 18 Lessons 1, 2 & 4

Learn about the different ways diseases can spread, the body's defense system, and safer sex practices to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and diseases. Understand the dangers of STIs and the importance of practicing safer sex.

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Achieve Article “Music to Grow By” Read and take notes on: Chapter 18 Lessons 1, 2 & 4

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  1. Achieve Article • “Music to Grow By” • Read and take notes on: • Chapter 18 • Lessons 1, 2 & 4

  2. Communicable Diseases and Safer Sex

  3. May 15, 2019 • Do Now: What are the ways that diseases can spread? Explain • Obj: LWDAT the ways that diseases can spread and the body’s defense system

  4. Disease • Disease: illness that affects the body or mind • Communicable: illness that can be transmitted from one person to another • Non-communicable: disease that are caused by how people live, conditions they are born with or by hazards in the environment

  5. Communicable • Caused by a germ entering the body & results in an infection • Bacteria, virus, fungi or protozoa (small animal-like organisms) • Spread of: • Close contact w/ a person who has the germ • Direct contact w/ a person who has the germ • Contact w/ animals • Other contact (sexual)

  6. Defense: Immune System • White Blood Cells: Destroy infections • Lymphatic System: • T-cells: attack germs directly and stimulate B-cells to work • B-cells: produce substances that fight germs (antibodies) • Vaccine: dead or weaken germ that is injected in the body to make antibodies

  7. Safer Sex • The only safe sex is NO sex: abstinence • Safer Sex: practices that reduce the risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STI) • Safer sex reduces but does NOT eliminate the risk STI

  8. May 16, 2019 • Do Now: Why do some young adults have sexual intercourse before they are ready? What are the dangers of sexual intercourse? • Obj: LWDAT understand the dangers of STIs and communicable diseases.

  9. Safer Sex Practices • Condoms: using condoms is the MOST effective way of preventing HIV and other STIs • Condoms made from animal tissue are not recommended because viruses can pass through pores • Birth Control • Pill & patch: hormones that regulate the female menstrual cycle • Diaphragm: keeps sperm from entering the uterus by blocking the cervix • IUD: piece of plastic placed inside uterus to prevent pregnancy • Emergency contraception: “morning after pill”: prevents pregnancy after unprotected sex

  10. STD/STI • STD: Sexually transmitted disease • STI: Sexually transmitted infection • STD/STI: can cause sterility, blindness, deafness, insanity and even death • Symptoms can come and go • Can be treated/ some can be cured • STDs/STIs can reoccur • Mostly only spread through sexual contact

  11. HIV/AIDS • STD/STI: • There are more than 25 different STIs according to the CDC • 19 million new cases of STIs each year (USA) • ½ occur among young people ages 15–24 • A.I.D.S. • Disease that interferes w/ the body’s ability to fight infection • H.I.V • The virus that causes AIDS • No vaccine for HIV, no cure for AIDS

  12. What HIV does to the body • Attacks the immune system • Symptoms: • Swollen lymph nodes • Tiredness • Fever • Diarrhea • Weight loss

  13. HIV/AIDS • HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus • AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome • You can be a carrier of HIV & NOT have AIDS • Have the virus in the blood & can pass it to others but have NO signs or symptoms • On average a person can have HIV for about 10 years before showing symptoms of the virus

  14. How It’s Spread • Sex • Semen • Vaginal secretions • Needle Use • Transfusion (rare now) • Mother to child • Born • Breast milk

  15. Testing for the Virus • Then: • Blood Test: test for the antibodies for HIV • 6months after the infection enters the body • Now: • Rapid HIV • testing allows clients to receive results the same day • HIV tests can use specimens collected by less invasive methods (e.g., oral fluid, urine, and finger-stick blood • HIV testing can also be conducted using commercially available home sample collection devices (not FDA approved)

  16. A.I.D.S • A low T-cell count is one important sign of AIDS (below 200) • With an impaired immune system a person w/ AIDS is susceptible to an opportunistic infection • Infection that otherwise rarely occurs • Kaposi sarcoma (form of cancer) • Pneunocystic pneumonia

  17. Treatment: • Treatment is for the opportunistic infections not for the virus • AZT: delays the onset of AIDS symptoms in some patients by slowing down the reproduction of the virus • 8 other HIV drugs now a days

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