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The Early Modern English Period. End of the: 1500’s – 1800’s. War of the Roses. Fought between 1455 and 1485. Houses of York and Lancaster (Red and White Roses) For rights of succession on the English Throne. King Henry V (Lancaster) was defeated in 1470
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The Early Modern English Period End of the: 1500’s – 1800’s
War of the Roses • Fought between 1455 and 1485. • Houses of York and Lancaster (Red and White Roses) • For rights of succession on the English Throne. • King Henry V (Lancaster) was defeated in 1470 • A later marriage union between Henry VII and Elizabeth of York joined the two parties to create the line of Tudors (Tudor Rose symbol)
Tudor Dynasty http://www.britroyals.com/images/tudor.jpg • From 1485-1603. • Included Elizabeth I, one of the more stable Monarchs in the long line of the English crown. • Began the English reformation with Henry VIII. • A bloody period, due to religious differences.
Key Historical Developments: The Protestant Reformation (16th c) • Henry VIII • 1534 Act of Supremacy • Split with the Catholic Church • Protestants believed that you should read the Bible yourself • Married 6 times- Bore Mary I, Elizabeth I, and Edward VI
Protestant Reformation • Henry VIII wanted a divorce because of his wife’s inability to produce a male heir. This was not granted by the Pope, so Henry appointed himself the head of the Church of England. • Initiated Reformation by separating the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Empire. England had turned Protestant.
Queen Mary I • Took over after her half brother died. Tried to take her out of succession with Jane Grey • Queen of Scotland, by marriage to King Phillip, before gaining the English crown. • Was a Devoted Catholic and attempted to restore the kingdom to Catholicism, mostly through executions, hence her nickname, Bloody Mary.
Queen Elizabeth I • The virgin queen, which Virginia was named after. • Imprisoned for a year by her half sister for secretly supporting Protestants • Queen for 45 years: 1558-1603 • Defeated the Spanish Armada- Fleet of 130 • Well liked by her constituents
Key Historical Developments: The Protestant Reformation (16th c) • Education • Most educators were clergymen who taught in Latin • New schools set up by merchants and the gentry staffed by laymen who taught in English
Key Historical Developments: Elizabethan Era (Golden Age) • Pride in the English language • Desire to produce national literature in English • Theatre was the number one entertainment for High Culture. • Included people such as: William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlow
William Shakespeare • Born April 23, 1564 in Stratford-on-Avon • Died April 23, 1616 • Father (John) was a glove maker and somewhat of a Mayor (if thought of in our time period) • Went to Stratford Grammar School and learned Latin • Married Anne Hathaway and had 3 children
William Shakespeare • The theaters of London were closed between the years of 1592 and 1594 because of the bubonic plague. Shakespeare wrote his first poem “Venus and Adonis” continued to write sonnets. • Later, he became a part owner of the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, which was the most successful theater company in London, and built the first theatre • Performed most of his plays in “The Globe” or as he called, “The wooden O”
Queen Elizabeth’s Protection • the Puritans were trying to shut down the theaters for being sinful and attracting the wrong sorts of people. • Riot outside the theater. • Queen Elizabeth allowed Shakespeare to produce plays for 17 long years before her death.
Interesting Theatre Facts The Globe Theatre Women were not allowed to act until after 1660.Teenage boys who hadn't gone through puberty would play the roles of women. The most expensive seats in a theater were the in the top row of the theater, farthest from the audience. Poor people called the groundlings, or penny knaves, would pay one penny to stand in the open yard (front row) Actors were seen as vagrant troublemakers. Not respected. Theatre competed with entertainment such as Bear Baiting
Continued facts… • No one went to the theater at night. There were no electric stage lights, and the stage was in the middle of the audience, lighted by the sun. There was no scenery and very few props. There were no costumes except for any which the actors acquired • Groundlings/Penny Knaves were extremely rambunctious and in constant movement: walking, talking, yelling, throwing things • In 1613 the old Globe Theater burned to the ground after being set on fire by a spark from a cannon during a performance of Henry VIII
William Shakespeare • Never published any of his works. • 1632 was the first Folio published after his death, containing 36 out of the 37 plays. • Shakespeare also wrote 154 sonnets and 3 longer poems. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geev441vbMI
William’s 6 different Signatures (4) William Shakspere (5) Willm Shakspere (6) By me William Shakspeare (1) Willm Shakp (2) William Shaksper (3) Wm Shakspe
Christopher Marlowe • Well known for his playwrights and poetry • Huge conspiracy with Marlowe and Shakespeare • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CbWeIkgF-g • Hero and Leander and The Passionate Shepherd to his Love = best poems ever
EME Word Order: InterrogativesWH- Questions • Inversion of Auxiliary verb • Why do you look on me? • What do you see? • How hast thou offended? • How should I your true love know? • Inversion of verb • Why look you upon me? • What sayde he?
