Lesson 17.4: The Legacy of the War

1. Lesson 17.4: The Legacy of the War Today’s Essential Question: What were the costs and consequences of the Civil War?

2. Vocabulary • consequence – the result of an action or decision • conspirator – someone plotting something, usually illegal, with other people • sympathizer – someone who supports or agrees with someone else in a dispute

3. Check for Understanding • What are we going to do today? • What are the consequences for Level A or B behavior? • If you get in trouble at school, are your parents going to be your sympathizers? • Describe a time when you were a conspirator.

4. What We Already Know In bloody battles such as Antietam and Gettysburg, thousands of men died every day.

5. What We Already Know Lincoln changed the character of the war by issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, more to prevent the involvement of European nations than to end slavery.

6. What We Already Know For most Americans, Lee’s surrender to Grant at Appomattox meant the end of the Civil War.

7. Costs of the War • After the war, President Lincoln hoped to heal the nation and bring North and South together again. • Despite the generous terms of surrender offered to Lee, hard feelings remained.

8. Costs of the War • The Civil War was the deadliest war in American history. • In four years of fighting, approximately 620,000 soldiers died—360,000 for the Union and 260,000 for the Confederacy.

9. Costs of the War Another 275,000 Union soldiers and 260,000 Confederate soldiers were wounded.

10. A tell B • Approximately how many Union men were killed in the Civil War? • Be sure to re-state the question in your response! Approximately 360,000 Union men were killed in the Civil War.

11. B tell A • Approximately how many Confederates were wounded during the Civil War? • Be sure to re-state the question in your response! Approximately 260,000 Confederates were wounded during the Civil War.

12. Costs of the War Along with the soldiers, many other Americans had their lives disrupted by the war.

13. Costs of the War The war had cost the government of the United States more than five times what it had spent in its first eighty years.

14. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

15. 22. What were some of the human costs of the Civil War? • Approximately 620,000 military deaths • Approximately 535,000 wounded soldiers • Approximately 260,000 civilian deaths • Disruption of many civilian lives • Destruction of billions of dollars of private property in the North Choose ALL that are true!

16. The Emancipation Proclamation had freed very few slaves. • The Proclamation applied primarily to slaves in the Confederacy, and many blacks in the border states were still enslaved when the war ended. • In 1864, President Lincoln called for a constitutional amendment to end slavery entirely, but it failed to pass Congress.

17. The Emancipation Proclamation had freed very few slaves. • Lincoln worried that the Supreme Court might someday declare the Emancipation Proclamation unconstitutional. • He was also troubled that it did not free all slaves in every state.

18. The Thirteenth Amendment In January 1865, Lincoln urged Congress to try again to end slavery and this time, the measure—known as the Thirteenth Amendment—passed. Read aloud with me!

19. The Thirteenth Amendment By year’s end, 27 states, including eight in the South, had ratified the amendment. From that point on, slavery was banned in the United States.

20. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

21. 23. If Lincoln had already issued the Emancipation Proclamation, why was the Thirteenth Amendment necessary? • The Emancipation Proclamation applied only to slaves in the former Confederacy. • The Thirteenth Amendment could free slaves in every state and territory. • The Emancipation Proclamation could be ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. • All the above • A and B only

22. Lincoln’s Assassination President Lincoln did not live to see the end of slavery.

23. Lincoln’s Assassination Five days after Lee’s surrender, President and Mrs. Lincoln went to see a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. Read aloud with me!

24. Lincoln’s Assassination During the play, John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor and Confederate sympathizer . . .

25. Lincoln’s Assassination . . . crept into Lincoln’s theater box and shot him in the back of the head.

26. Booth then jumped to the stage, breaking his leg in the process, but still managed to escape the theater.

27. Lincoln’s Assassination One of Booth’s fellow conspirators stabbed Secretary of State William Seward, who later recovered. Read aloud with me!

28. Lincoln’s Assassination A third man was supposed to assassinate Vice-President Johnson, but he failed to carry out the attack.

29. Lincoln’s Assassination • Lincoln was carried to a house across the street from the theater. • The bullet in his brain could not be removed, and he died early the next morning.

30. Lincoln’s Assassination Several days later, Union troops found Booth hiding in a Virginia farmer’s tobacco shed and killed him.

31. Lincoln’s Assassination Booth’s accomplices were captured and either hanged or imprisoned.

32. A tell B • What happened to John Wilkes Booth? • Be sure to re-state the question in your response! John Wilkes Booth was killed by Union soldiers.

33. B tell A • What happened to Booth’s fellow conspirators? • Be sure to re-state the question in your response! Booth’s fellow conspirators were all hanged.

34. Lincoln’s Assassination • The loss of Lincoln’s vast experience and great political skills was a terrible setback for a people faced by the challenge of rebuilding their nation. • Lincoln’s death was an even greater loss for the South.

35. Few Northern leaders were as willing to forgive the South for secession as Lincoln, and most wanted vengeance for the war. • But in both the North and the South, life would never be the same after the Civil War.

36. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

37. 24. Why was Lincoln’s death a disaster for both North and South? • It gave the Confederacy renewed hope to fight on for two more years. • It led to diplomatic recognition of the Confederacy by Great Britain. • Americans would not have his vast experience and great political skill while they tried to rebuild their nation. • It made the North more determined than ever to defeat and punish the South.

38. Consequences of the War • People came to see the United States as a single nation rather than a collection of states. • Expansion of the national government and its powers • New paper currency, new income tax, new federal banking system

39. B tell A • How did the Civil War affect the national government? • Be sure to re-state the question in your response! The Civil War caused the national government to grow in size and power.

40. Consequences of the War Government funding of railroads and state colleges

41. Consequences of the War Homestead Act - gave western land to settlers

42. Consequences of the War Steel, petroleum, food processing, and manufacturing industries expanded dramatically.

43. A tell B • How the Civil War affect industry? • Be sure to re-state the question in your response! The Civil War caused many industries to expand dramatically.

44. Consequences of the War • The war brought economic disaster to the South. • Farms and plantations were destroyed, along with 40 percent of its livestock and 50 percent of its farm machinery. Read aloud with me!

45. Consequences of the War Factories were demolished and thousands of miles of railroad tracks were torn up.

46. Consequences of the War Slavery — the Southern labor system — was gone.

47. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

48. 25. How did the Civil War change the federal government? • The federal government grew smaller and less powerful during the war. • The federal government lost power to the state governments during the war. • The federal government grew larger and more powerful during the war. • The federal government became more sensitive to the citizens during the war.

49. 26. What was the state of the Southern economy after the war? • A great deal of private property, especially crops and livestock, was destroyed. • The traditional labor system, slavery, was gone. • Factories and railroads were destroyed. • Agriculture would no longer be important to the Southern economy. Choose the one that is NOT true!

50. 27. What challenges did the nation face after the war? • How to bring the South back into the Union politically • How to restore the many farms and plantations in the South • How to strengthen the North's industrial economy • How to make free citizens from the millions of former slaves Choose the one that is NOT true!