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Unit 2 English in the Past

Unit 2 English in the Past. To identify the place of English among other related languages. To identify Standard English among other varieties. To understand and explain what is meant by structural differences among languages. To understand and explain how users of English

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Unit 2 English in the Past

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  1. Unit 2 English in the Past • To identify the place of English among other related languages • To identify Standard English among other varieties • To understand and explain what is meant by • structural differences among languages • To understand and explain how users of English • as a second language can use knowledge about • English

  2. Activities • Activity 1 The English of Earlier Times • Activity 2 Language Families • Activity 3 Standard English and Other Varieties • Activity 4 Changes and Additions to the English Lexicon • Activity 5 Received Pronunciation – RP for Short

  3. Activity 1 The English of Earlier Times Task 1 Discovering That Regional Varieties Are Explained by History • Listen to the tape of Page 55~56 and Answer the questions. 2. Read the material of Page 56 ~ 57 and learn about situation and history of England. (1) History of England a. A.D. 43, Roman conquered the islands. b. Fifth century A.D. Angles, Saxons and Jutes raided and settled in Britain. c. 1066, William Normans conquers from France came in England.

  4. Task 2 Studying Text Examples of the English of the Past 1. from the eighteenth century (read material of Page 58). 2. from the seventeenth century (read play of Shakespeare’s) Shakespeare English playwright and poet whose body of works is considered the greatest in English literature. His plays, many of which were performed at the Globe Theatre in London, include historical works, such as Richard II, comedies, including Much Ado about Nothing and As You Like It, and tragedies, such as Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear. He also composed 154 sonnets. The earliest collected edition of his plays, the First Folio, contained 36 plays and was published posthumously (1623). 莎士比亚，威廉1564-1616英国戏剧家和诗人，他的作品被认为是英语文学作品中最伟大的戏剧，其中大多在伦敦的全球戏

  5. 院演出过，包括历史作品，例如 理查德二世；喜剧包括 无事生非和 皆大欢喜；悲剧包括 哈姆雷特、 奥赛罗和 李尔王。他还作过154首十四行诗。他最早的戏剧集子，第一对开本，包含了36个戏剧，并在他死后出版(1623年）。 The Tempest Be not affeard, the Isle is full of noyses (Don’t be frightened. The island is full of noises----) Sounds, and sweet aires, that give delight and hurt not: (sounds and sweet melodies that give you pleasure and don’t hurt you) Sometimes a thousand twangling instruments (Sometime it seems to me that a thousand musical instruments,) Will hum about mine eares: and sometimes voices (All playing by themselves make music in my ears. Sometimes

  6. That if I then had wak’d after long sleepe ( I hear voices so lovely that if I had just woken up after a long sleep) Will make me sleepe againe, and then in dreaming ( they would make me want to go back to sleep again. Then in my dream,) The clouds me thought would open, sand shew riches (I seem to see the clouds part and show me wonderful scenes) Ready to drop upon me, that when I wak’d (all ready to drop down to the ground before me. When I finally wake up) I cri’de to dreame again. ( I cry because I long so much to dream again.)

  7. 3. A fourteenth century sample English poet regarded as the greatest literary figure of medieval England. His works include The Book of the Duchess (1369), Troilus and Criseyde (c. 1385), and his masterwork, The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400). 乔叟，杰弗里1340?-1400英国诗人，被认为是中世纪英国最伟大的文学家。他的作品包括 公爵夫人之书（1369年）， 特洛伊拉斯和克莱希斯（C.1385年）以及他的杰作 坎特伯雷故事集(1387-1400年）

  8. Chaucer’s text Whan that Aprille with his shures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote Ad bathed every veyne in swich licour Of which vertu engendred is the flour Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth Inspired hath in every holt and heeth The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne Hath in the Ram his halve cours yronne And smale fowles maken melodye That slepen al the nyght with open ye Modern English Paraphrase When April, with his showers of sweet rain Has pierced to the roots the dry weather of March And soaked every vein in that moisture From the quality of which the flower springs When the West wind, with his sweet breath Has brought to birth in every wood and on every heath land The tender crops, and the young sun Has run half way through his course in the sign of the Ram And little birds make music Little birds that sleep with their eyes open all night

  9. (So priketh hem nature in hir corages): Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages As their nature urges them to do That is when people want to go on pilgrimages Question: Can you find four signs of spring mentioned in the text? Answer: April showers, Flowers springing up, the sun enters the Ram in the Zodiac, birds sing, people want to go on pilgrimages.

  10. 4. Finally, a thirteenth century sample Ancient Text Lenten ys come wi loue to toune Wi blosmen & wi briddes roune That al this blisse brynge Dayes es in this dales Notes suete of nyhtegales Vch foul song singeth The threstelcoc him threte Away is huere wynter woo When woderoue spingeth Modern English Paraphrase The season of Lent has come to town and Love has come with it ! With blossom too And birdsong that brings us all this joy With daisies in the valleys and the sweet Song of the nightingale. Every bird sings And the thrush sings too. All the sorrow of Winter is banished when once the Woodruff starts to spring up!

  11. From Ancient Text we can recognize some words as English: Come ------ Come Toune ------ Town Blisse ------ Bliss Bring ------ Brynge Nyhtegales ------ Nightingales Dales ------ Dale Notes ------ Notes Away ------ Away Wynter ------ Winter Task 3 Reflecting on and Record Your Response to Reading These Examples

  12. Activity 2 Language Families Task 1 Discovering What Is Meant by Family Relationships among Languages 1. Languages belong to large groups, generally called language families. English belongs to the Indo-European group, Chinese to the Sino-Tibetan group of languages. 2. It is harder to learn a new language if it belongs to a different group from that of your mother tongue Task 2 Applying This Knowledge to Problems of Language Learning and Teaching

  13. Trans-: across or through 1. Transparent: So fine in texture that it can be seen through; sheer. 透过的质地精良并可以让视线透过的；透明的 2. Transit: The act of passing over, across, or through; passage. 通过越过、通过或穿过的动作；通过 3. Transgress: n. To go beyond or over (a limit or boundary); exceed or overstep越界超越或越过（界限或边界）；过分或越界 v.To commit an offense by violating a law or command; sin. 违犯法律因违反法律或命令而犯法；犯罪 4. Trans-Atlantic: Situated on or coming from the other side of the Atlantic Ocean跨大西洋的位于或来自大西洋的另一边的

  14. Inter: Between; among 在…之间；在…之中： 1. International: Of, relating to, or involving two or more nations 国际的属于、关于或包括两个或多个国家的 2. Inter-City: Relating to, involving, or connecting two or more cities 城市间的关于，包括或与两个或两个以上的城市相联系的 3. Intercept: To stop, deflect, or interrupt the progress or intended course of拦截，挡住停止、打断或使进程或将进行的进程转向 4. Intervene: To occur as an extraneous or unplanned circumstance: 干扰作为一无关的或计划外的情形发生

  15. Circum-: Around; about 环绕围绕…的；在…周围： 1.Circumstances: The sum of determining factors beyond willful control 客观形势，情况除意志控制外的决定因素的总和 2. Circumnavigate: To proceed completely around 环航进行完全地 环绕 3. Circumvent: To surround (an enemy, for example); enclose or entrap 围住（例如敌人）；包围或诱陷 4. Circumflex: n.抑扬符号

  16. Task 3 Finding out How a Germanic Language came to Britain 1. Inside each group or family some languages are near relations and some are distant relations. Inside the Indo-Germanic group of languages, English belongs to the Germanic group. 2.Question:How did English come to be spoken in England? History: ①Romans → the 1st century ~5th century AD. ④ ② Scandinavian People → 5th century ~ 8th and 9th century ③ French-speaking Norman → 11th century 3. The first languages we know about spoken in the British Isles were related to modern Welsh, and to Scots and |Irish Gaelic.

  17. Task 4 Charting the Conquest of Britain

  18. Activity 3 Standard English and Other Varieties Task 1 Finding out What Is Meant by Standard English 1. Standard English is used for all educational purposes. It includes the grammar the lexicon and the discourse of English. It has high reputation or prestige. It is written using rules of spelling and punctuation. It started as the variety used in Southeast England and is now understood and used world wide. It can be spoken with a variety of different accents. Task 2 Examining Some Related Meanings of “Standard” Standard: ☆ a level of quality, usually good quality ☆ basic, normal, usual ☆ correct and acceptable ☆ generally recommended ☆ emblem (often a flag)

  19. Task 3 Charting the Emergence of Standard English

  20. Task 4 Finding out What Is Meant by being “Bi-dialectal” Summary: ※ Standard English is written English used worldwide. ※ Standard English differs only in superficial ways in different parts of the English speaking world. It changes with time. ※ Standard English is in origin the English of South East England ※ It is the English used for all educational and official purposes.

  21. Activity 4 Changes and Additions to the English Lexicon Task 1 Discovering How Many English Words You Know Task 2 Finding out about Some of the sources of the English Lexicon

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