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Public Health Department Staff Presentation Epidemiology of Viral Gastroenteritis in Adults

Public Health Department Staff Presentation Epidemiology of Viral Gastroenteritis in Adults. Bianca L. Tristan, PhD Student Walden University PUBH 8165-Environmental Health Instructor: Dr. Howard Rubin Summer, 2010. Introduction to Foodborne Illnesses. High morbidity & Mortality

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Public Health Department Staff Presentation Epidemiology of Viral Gastroenteritis in Adults

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  1. Public Health Department Staff Presentation Epidemiology of Viral Gastroenteritis in Adults Bianca L. Tristan, PhD Student Walden University PUBH 8165-Environmental Health Instructor: Dr. Howard Rubin Summer, 2010

  2. Introduction to Foodborne Illnesses • High morbidity & Mortality • Affects 76 million yearly • 325,000 hospitalizations • 5,000 deaths • $6 billion economic burden

  3. Viral GastroenteritisRotavirus and Norovirus • High prevalence globally • 600,000 – 800,000 deaths/yearly • 21 million fromNorovirus in U.S. • 50% of all foodborne illness

  4. Etiology • Four important viral agents • Norovirus • Rotavirus • Enteric Adenovirus • Astrovirus

  5. Epidemiology Patterns • Two identifiable patterns • Endemic • Epidemic

  6. Epidemiology Patterns • Endemic • Rotavirus Group A • Age 4-24 month old • Severe diarrhea • Dehydration

  7. Transmission of Rotavirus • Transmitted fecal-oral route • Person - to - Person • Contaminated food & water • Contaminated commercial ice

  8. Clinical Presentation • Vomiting • Watery diarrhea • Low grade fever • Abdominal pain

  9. Clinical Presentation of the Norovirus • Nausea • Vomiting • Abdominal cramps • Fever • Headache

  10. Diagnosis • Presentation • Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT – PCR) • Stool specimens within 48 to 72 hours • Direct and immune electron microscopy

  11. Prevention • Frequent hand washing • Vaccination of infants • Adequate garbage and refuse disposal • Effective insect and rodent control

  12. Surveillance • National Outbreak reporting system (NORS) • States report directly to the CDC • To the National Calicivirus Laboratory • Gastroenteritis & Respiratory Virus Laboratory Branch, Division for Immunization & Respiratory Disease

  13. Surveillance • National Outbreak Reporting System • Calicinet – PulseNet Model-Public Health • Laboratories • Foodborne Gastroenteritis • Waterborne Gastroenteritis • Person – to – Person transmission

  14. Education • Ten rules for safe food preparation & consumption • Follow Universal Precautions • Keep a free environment of rodents • Control insects and cockroaches

  15. conclusion • Pathogens of Gastroenteritis • Rotavirus/Norovirus • Manifestations • Prevention

  16. Conclusion • Evaluation • Severity of Illnesses • Exclusion

  17. Conclusion • Resources • Recommendations • Laboratory tests may include

  18. References: • California Endowment Health Journalism Fellowship (2010) Foodborne Illnesses: 76 million cases annually. USC, Reporting on Health, Los Angeles, CA Retrieved from http://www.reportingonhealth.org/resources/topics/foodborne-illness • Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Technical Factsheet, (2010) Norovirus: Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease; Division of Viral Disease, Atlanta, GA. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro/norovirus-factsheet.htm

  19. References: • Blacklow, (2008) Epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis in adults, UpToDate Retrieved from http://www.uptodate.com/online/content/topic.do? • Matson, D. O. (2008) Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, clinical presentation and diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis in Children, UpToDate Retrieved from http://www.uptodate.com/online/content/topic.do?

  20. References • Moeller, D. W. (2005) Environmental Health. (3rd Ed.) Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press • World Who Organization, Fact sheet (2009) Diarrhoeal disease. Media Centre Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/ • en/index.html

  21. References: • WHO (2009) Global use of Rotavirus Vaccine Recommended. Media Centre Retrieved From http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/200rotavirus_vaccine_2

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