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Mobile Applications

Mobile Applications. Assumption: We have an idea for a hot new mobile application. Industry is in a state of competitive flux not seen since the days when mini-computer manufacturers first flooded the market There is now open source, but there are also lots of proprietary secrets

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Mobile Applications

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  1. Mobile Applications Assumption: We have an idea for a hot new mobile application Industry is in a state of competitive flux not seen since the days when mini-computer manufacturers first flooded the market There is now open source, but there are also lots of proprietary secrets Standards are evolving rapidly Prediction: there will be winners and losers Based on history: Winners will not likely produce the best products Superior marketing strategies gain traction quicklyExample: Microsoft versus Apple in the 1980s Getting to the public to fill a need before standards are establishedExample: Early browser war between Netscape and Explorer Bottom line: Development is expensive; mistakes can be disastrous General Considerations

  2. Hardware Specifications • Display Sizes • Laptop/Desktops: 15”, 17”, 19”, 21”, etc. • Phones: 1½” , 2.3”, 3”, 4” • Tablets: 7”, 8”, 10.1”, etc. • Mobile Device Resolution • Low end: 128x128 • Mid end: 240x360 • High end: 320x480, 1024x768, 1200x800, etc. • Operating Systems: Android, WebOS, Windows 8, iOS, Blackberry • Manufacturers: Apple, Nokia, RIM, Samsung, Sony, Motorola, LG, HTC • Memory: 256MB – 1GB; Storage: 1GB-32 GB • Processor Speed: 500 mhz – 1 ghz

  3. Tablet Market Share Note:The Android market is fragmented among dozens of manufacturers

  4. Pixels and Aspect Ratio • Pixels per inch (ppi), or dots per inch (dpi) • High resolution may mean that you need a magnifier glass to read text • The retina has a limit of 300 ppi • Zooming in and out may be necessary • Aspect ratio • Width to height ratio differs between devices • When turning the device, the aspect may change • Does the device automatically zoom to fit? • Does the device adjust the font to accommodate?

  5. Features • Key Entry • Virtual or physical keyboard • Numeric or alphanumeric entry • External keyboard attachment • Interacting with applications • Touch or multi-touch • Handwriting and/or voice recognition • Geo-location • Facial and gesture recognition • Connections: Phone, web, texting, email

  6. Best Practices • Handle unavailable or lost network connection • Limit permissions requested as much as possible • Optimal use of storage. Use the SD card if possible • Use standard GUI layouts • Efficient, fast, responsive • Multi thread slow time consuming operations • Save application data when state changes occur • Share data with apps by implementing content providers • Implement activities launchable from other apps • Utilize notification facilities, progress bars, flash screens

  7. Design Considerations • Orientation changes • Varied screen sizes and resolutions • Operating system choice to reach a wide audience • Intuitive operation • Reason for continued use • Well-defined purpose • Multi user support • Upgrades/new features (without feature creep) • Multiple language and color support • Varied font sizes

  8. Getting the product to market • Register for an Android Market account: market.android.com/publish/ • Click: Setup Merchant Account to set up a Google Checkout • Adhere to Android application policy requirements(www.android.com/market/terms/developer-content-policy.html) • Digitally sign (can be self-signed) and upload to the Android market (see developer.android.com/guide/publishing/publishing.htm) • Price the application • The average paid app price is $3.13 – 30% for Google; 57% are free. • In app advertising price per view • virtual products (Google retains 5%) • Limited free version, with paid version having full capabilities • Market: social media, app review sites, advertising networks, etc..

  9. Browsers • Preinstalled • NetFront , Myriad, Explorer, Safari, Nokia, Sony, Obijo, Motorola, Symbian, Android, webOS, Blackberry, Samsung, MicroB • User-installed • Opera Mobile, Opera Mini, Firefox (Fennec) for Mobile, Chromium, UC, SkyFire, Bolt • Webkit • Open source framework used by many browsers

  10. Questions to Ask? • On which device(s) will our application run? • Should it run in a browser or as a native application? • Which language(s) should we use? • HTML5/JavaScript, Objective C, Java ME, Flash, Silverlight, C#, Dalvik VM, Java FX • Which cross-platform development framework should we use? Do they have their own API to learn? • If JavaScript, which JavaScript libraries should we incorporate? • How do we develop/debug? • Which emulators/simulators are available? • What development toolkits do we use?

  11. This Class • Part 1: HTML5/JavaScript. Why? • JavaScript supported on all popular smart phone and tablet devices • The popular browsers have good debugging facilities • There are extensive JavaScript frameworks and libraries that attempt to facilitate application development and provide cross-platform compatibility • There are toolkits to translate from HTML5/JavaScript to native applications • Smaller learning curve for cross-platform development • Industry is moving in this direction (at least at the moment) • Part 2: Native Applications on Android. Why? • Android is rapidly gaining market share • The Eclipse JDK/Android emulator provides good development tools • Android’s Java is not too difficult to learn and use • Familiarization with at least one mobile development platform is beneficial • HTML5/JavaScript must be tested/debugged on every possible browser

  12. Popular JavaScript libraries/Frameworks • Google We Toolkit - GWT (http://code.google.com/webtoolkit)Free toolkit, used by thousands of developers for complex web applications. Code in Java; deploy in JavaScript • jQuery (http://jquery.com/) : JavaScript library that simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating, and Ajax interactions • Prototype (http://www.prototypejs.org/) and script.aculo.us (http://script.aculo.us/): Easy to use class-driven JavaScript framework that aims to ease development of dynamic web applications • YUI (http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/ ): JavaScript and CSS utilities and controls for richly interactive web applications. Built by Yahoo • Dojo (http://dojotoolkit.org): A toolkit, focusing on performance, for building desktop and mobile web experiences • MooTools (http://www.mootools.net/): Object-Oriented JavaScript cross-browser framework for intermediate to advanced JavaScript developers

  13. Mobile Frameworks • jQuery based • jQuery Mobile (http://jquerymobile.com/): a Touch-Optimized Web Framework for Smart phones & Tablets. • jQTouch (http://jqtouch.com/): jQuery plug-in that provides a native UI feel to iPhone-based web apps. • M-Project (http://the-m-project.net/): framework to build mobile apps using HTML5 JavaScript, and JQuery that run on the iPhone, Android devices and many others. • Sencha and Sencha Touch(http://www.sencha.com/): mobile builder for apps that feel native on iPhone, Android, and Blackberry, and other touch devices • Titanium(http://www.appcelerator.com/products/ ): JavaScript interface that translates into mobile applications, which will perform just as if you had written them in Objective-C or Java.

  14. Mobile Frameworks (cont.) • Phonegap (http://phonegap.com/) : Platform allowing native application development in HTML/JavaScript for APIs and app store access • Appmobi (http://www.appmobi.com/): Cross platform JavaScript bridge that allows apps access to device APIs on iOS and Android platforms • NimbleKit (http://nimblekit.com ): Framework that allows development for Apple iOS devices using HTML and JavaScript • XUI (http://xuijs.com/) Micro DOM library for HTML5 mobile web applications. Compatible with WebKit-based mobile browsers • WebApp (http://webapp-net.com)light weight JavaScript framework with a full set components for advanced mobile applications. • iUI (http://code.google.com/p/iui): JavaScript library, CSS, and images for advanced mobile web apps • YUI (http://yuilibrary.com/) Yahoo developed framework with a large user base developing interactive Web applications.

  15. JavaScript and other tools • Leading edge JavaScript Features • Record, detect orientation, device vibration, sense gestures, etc. • ARIA standards: Accessible rich internet application • Transform features • Drag and Drop • HTML templates (https://github.com/janl/mustache.js/) for eliminating embedded HTML in JavaScript • CSS Reset (http://www.cssreset.com/) • Initialize presentation parameters for cross browser compatibility • NodeJs (http://nodejs.org/): Server side JavaScript

  16. First Presentation Topics Requirements Clear description including an overview plus examples. Short demo of a program using the technology Audience: Understand computer terminology, html, and JavaScript but not this particular topic Turn in your PowerPoint slides and a five to eight page well-written summary of the topic Each team member must participate in the presentation • One of the top five JavaScript libraries. Research how it works and how it is applicable to mobile development. • One of the JavaScript frameworks. Research how it works, the development environment, and how it is applicable to mobile development

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