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Understanding Perception: Experience's Impact on Cognition

Explore how sensory experiences shape our perception through the work of Kant and Locke, and discover the effects of sensory deprivation and restored vision on perceptual interpretation. Delve into perceptual adaptation, perceptual set, and the influence of cultural and contextual factors on our perception. Understand the significance of early experiences in shaping our lifelong perception. Discover the world of human factors psychology in machine-human interactions.

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Understanding Perception: Experience's Impact on Cognition

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  1. Perceptual InterpretationChapter 6, Lecture 6 “The river of perception is fed by sensation, cognition, and emotion.” - David Myers

  2. Perceptual Interpretation Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) maintained that knowledge comes from our inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences. John Locke (1632-1704) argued that we learn to perceive the world through our experiences. How important is experience in shaping our perceptual interpretation?

  3. Sensory Deprivation & Restored Vision After cataract surgery, blind adults were able to regain sight. These individuals could differentiate figure and ground relationships, yet they had difficulty distinguishing a circle and a triangle (Von Senden, 1932).

  4. Facial Recognition After blind adults regained sight, they were able to recognize distinct features, but were unable to recognize faces. Normal observers also show difficulty in facial recognition when the lower half of the pictures are changed. Courtesy of Richard LeGrand

  5. Sensory Deprivation Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars. Blakemore & Cooper (1970)

  6. Perceptual Adaptation Visual ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field, e.g., prism glasses. Let’s watch a video clip of this phenomenon… Courtesy of Hubert Dolezal

  7. Perceptual Set A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. What you see in the center picture is influenced by flanking pictures. From Shepard, 1990.

  8. Perceptual Set Other examples of perceptual set. Frank Searle, photo Adams/ Corbis-Sygma Dick Ruhl (a) Loch ness monster or a tree trunk; (b) Flying saucers or clouds?

  9. Context Effects Context can radically alter perception. Is the “magician cabinet” on the floor or hanging from the ceiling?

  10. Cultural Context Context instilled by culture also alters perception. To an East African, the woman sitting is balancing a metal box on her head, while the family is sitting under a tree.

  11. Perception Revisited Is perception innate or acquired?

  12. Perception Revisited Is perception innate or acquired? “Once we have formed a wrong idea about reality, we have more difficulty seeing the truth.” - David Myers

  13. Perception and the Human Factor Human Factors Psychology: a branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.

  14. Homework AY Questions – p.245, 281 (10 pts) Read p.282-285 “Does the effect of early experience last a lifetime? For some aspects of visual and auditory perception, the answer is clearly yes: ‘Use it soon or lose it.’ We retain the imprint of early sensory experiences far into the future.” - David Myers

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