Full annexation Indirect Rule Protectorates Establishment of “Spheres of Influence” Partitioning

1. 151. NEW IMPERIALISMPolicy of controlling colonies by using local rulers to run the day-to-day affairs of the colonies. This allowed local officials to keep power as long as they operated under orders from the “mother” nation. • Full annexation • Indirect Rule • Protectorates • Establishment of “Spheres of Influence” • Partitioning

2. 151. NEW IMPERIALISMPolicy of controlling colonies by using local rulers to run the day-to-day affairs of the colonies. This allowed local officials to keep power as long as they operated under orders from the “mother” nation. • Full annexation • Indirect Rule • Protectorates • Establishment of “Spheres of Influence” • Partitioning

3. 152 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEWealthy merchant family of bankers who controlled the Italian city-state of Florence during the Renaissance era. Their subsidization of the arts, especially under Lorenzo, supported the flowering of the Renaissance. • Borgia • Pazzi • Medici • Signoria • Strozzi

4. 152 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEWealthy merchant family of bankers who controlled the Italian city-state of Florence during the Renaissance era. Their subsidization of the arts, especially under Lorenzo, supported the flowering of the Renaissance. • Borgia • Pazzi • Medici • Signoria • Strozzi

5. 153 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCERenaissance scholars of classical Greek and Roman works of literature and thought who were great advocates of liberal arts education and the importance of the individual. • Humanists • Individualists • Machiavellians • Platoists • Materialists

6. 153 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCERenaissance scholars of classical Greek and Roman works of literature and thought who were great advocates of liberal arts education and the importance of the individual. • Humanists • Individualists • Machiavellians • Platoists • Materialists

7. 154 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEKnown as the father of Renaissance Humanism. He resisted writing in the Italian vernacular except for his sonnets, which were composed to his “lady love” who spoke no Latin. • Dante Alighieri • Giovannni Boccaccio • Leonardo da Vinci • Francesco Petrarch • Leonardo Bruni

8. 154 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEKnown as the father of Renaissance Humanism. He resisted writing in the Italian vernacular except for his sonnets, which were composed to his “lady love” who spoke no Latin. • Dante Alighieri • Giovannni Boccaccio • Leonardo da Vinci • Francesco Petrarch • Leonardo Bruni

9. 155 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEItalian diplomat who lived from 1478-1529. Published the most famous Renaissance book, “The Book of the Courtier.” This became the archetype for the “Renaissance Man,” who was versed in liberal arts and social graces, as contrasted to the more unrefined Middle Ages knight. • Baldassare Castiglione • Leonardo da Vinci • Pietro Paolo Vergerio • Francesco Petrarch • Christine de Pisan

10. 155 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEItalian diplomat who lived from 1478-1529. Published the most famous Renaissance book, “The Book of the Courtier.” This became the archetype for the “Renaissance Man,” who was versed in liberal arts and social graces, as contrasted to the more unrefined Middle Ages knight. • Baldassare Castiglione • Leonardo da Vinci • Pietro Paolo Vergerio • Francesco Petrarch • Christine de Pisan

11. 156 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEFlorentine diplomat and historian who lived from 1469-1527. Wrote the famous essay “The Prince” and believed that it is better to be feared than loved by the masses. • Lorenzo de’ Medici • Francesco Petrarch • Francesco Guicciardini • Niccolo Machiavelli • Cesare Borgia

12. 156 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEFlorentine diplomat and historian who lived from 1469-1527. Wrote the famous essay “The Prince” and believed that it is better to be feared than loved by the masses. • Lorenzo de’ Medici • Francesco Petrarch • Francesco Guicciardini • Niccolo Machiavelli • Cesare Borgia

13. 157 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCERenaissance sculptor, scientist, engineer, architect, and painter. His most famous works include “The Last Supper” and “Mona Lisa.” He focused on the realistic portrayal of human life. • Michelangelo Buonarroti • Giotto • Masaccio • Leonardo da Vinci • Donatello

14. 157 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCERenaissance sculptor, scientist, engineer, architect, and painter. His most famous works include “The Last Supper” and “Mona Lisa.” He focused on the realistic portrayal of human life. • Michelangelo Buonarroti • Giotto • Masaccio • Leonardo da Vinci • Donatello

15. 158 NORTHERN RENAISSANCEThe European inventor of the printing press, which allowed books to be printed quickly and economically. He used his invention to print copies of the Bible. • Johann Reuchlin • Johann Gutenburg • Desiderius Erasmus • Thomas More • Rodolphus Agricola

16. 158 NORTHERN RENAISSANCEThe European inventor of the printing press, which allowed books to be printed quickly and economically. He used his invention to print copies of the Bible. • Johann Reuchlin • Johann Gutenburg • Desiderius Erasmus • Thomas More • Rodolphus Agricola

17. 159 NORTHERN RENAISSANCEDutch scholar known as “Prince of Northern Humanists.” He criticized the lack of spirituality in the Church in “The Praise of Folly.” • Ulrich von Hutten • Rudolf Agricola • William Grocyn • Desiderius Erasmus • Johann Reuchlin

18. 159 NORTHERN RENAISSANCEDutch scholar known as “Prince of Northern Humanists.” He criticized the lack of spirituality in the Church in “The Praise of Folly.” • Ulrich von Hutten • Rudolf Agricola • William Grocyn • Desiderius Erasmus • Johann Reuchlin

19. 160 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE English humanist, contemporary of Erasmus, and author of “Utopia” in which he condemned governments as corrupt, and private property. • Thomas More • Thomas Linacre • John Colet • William Grocyn • Peter Giles

20. 160 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE English humanist, contemporary of Erasmus, and author of “Utopia” in which he condemned governments as corrupt, and private property. • Thomas More • Thomas Linacre • John Colet • William Grocyn • Peter Giles

21. 161 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE Flemish painters who applied great attention to the details in their work, particularly in their capturing of human facial expressions. Their altarpiece for a church in the Ghent captures the expressions of Adam and Even in a way that is more realistic than the symbolic depiction of the Middle Ages artists. • Michelangelo and Raphael • Giotto and Masaccio • The Van Eyck Brothers • The Von Huttens • Hugo van der Goes and Robert Campin

22. 161 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE Flemish painters who applied great attention to the details in their work, particularly in their capturing of human facial expressions. Their altarpiece for a church in the Ghent captures the expressions of Adam and Even in a way that is more realistic than the symbolic depiction of the Middle Ages artists. • Michelangelo and Raphael • Giotto and Masaccio • The Van Eyck Brothers • The Von Huttens • Hugo van der Goes and Robert Campin

23. 162 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE German artist who is famous for his woodcuts and copper engravings. Influenced by Venetian artists, he was versed in classical teachings and humanism. He was also the first to create printed illustration in books. • Hans Holbein the Younger • Albrecht Durer • Lucas Cranach • Versucung Christi • Jacob Obrecht

24. 162 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE German artist who is famous for his woodcuts and copper engravings. Influenced by Venetian artists, he was versed in classical teachings and humanism. He was also the first to create printed illustration in books. • Hans Holbein the Younger • Albrecht Durer • Lucas Cranach • Versucung Christi • Jacob Obrecht

25. 163 THE REFORMATION Monk who was commissioned by Pope Leo X to raise money for the Church and was sent throughout northern Germany to sell indulgences. • Martin Luther • Johann Gutenburg • Johann Tetzel • Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz • Ulrich Zwingli

26. 163 THE REFORMATION Monk who was commissioned by Pope Leo X to raise money for the Church and was sent throughout northern Germany to sell indulgences. • Martin Luther • Johann Gutenburg • Johann Tetzel • Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz • Ulrich Zwingli

27. 164 EXPLORATION AND COLONIZATION Second leg of the three-part trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas in which African slaves traveled across the Atlantic. The slaves were sold for products produced on the large farms, or plantations. This passage was cruel and fatal for many. • Middle Passage • Line of Demarcation • Triangular Trade • The Columbian Exchange • Northwest Passage

28. 164 EXPLORATION AND COLONIZATION Second leg of the three-part trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas in which African slaves traveled across the Atlantic. The slaves were sold for products produced on the large farms, or plantations. This passage was cruel and fatal for many. • Middle Passage • Line of Demarcation • Triangular Trade • The Columbian Exchange • Northwest Passage

29. 165 THE REFORMATION Martin Luther’s list of complaints and reforms. Luther’s protests spread throughout Europe, igniting the Reformation. • Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation • Babylonian Captivity of the Church • Indulgences • Ninety-Five Theses • Smalcald Articles

30. 165 THE REFORMATION Martin Luther’s list of complaints and reforms. Luther’s protests spread throughout Europe, igniting the Reformation. • Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation • Babylonian Captivity of the Church • Indulgences • Ninety-Five Theses • Smalcald Articles

31. 166 THE REFORMATION Special imperial council in Worms, Germany, to which Martin Luther was summoned after his excommunication in 1521. Luther was ordered to abandon his revolutionary ideas, which he refused to do, so he was banished from the empire. • Debate of Leibzig • Diet of Worms • Council of Constance • Diet of Augsburg • Marburg Colloquy

32. 166 THE REFORMATION Special imperial council in Worms, Germany, to which Martin Luther was summoned after his excommunication in 1521. Luther was ordered to abandon his revolutionary ideas, which he refused to do, so he was banished from the empire. • Debate of Leibzig • Diet of Worms • Council of Constance • Diet of Augsburg • Marburg Colloquy

33. 167 THE REFORMATION Luther’s ideas revolved around this central tenet that people were led to salvation only through inner faith in God, rather than by participating in worldly rituals and good deeds. • Papal infallibility • Righteousness of God • Transubstantiation • Priesthood of All Believers • Justification by Faith Alone

34. 167THE REFORMATION Luther’s ideas revolved around this central tenet that people were led to salvation only through inner faith in God, rather than by participating in worldly rituals and good deeds. • Papal infallibility • Righteousness of God • Transubstantiation • Priesthood of All Believers • Justification by Faith Alone

35. 168 THE REFORMATION Luther’s revolutionary idea that every believer had the ability to read and interpret the Bible, that all people of faith were viewed by God as equals. This challenged the Church’s position that priests had an exclusive ability to do so. • Augsburg Confession • Justification by Faith Alone • Priesthood of All Believers • Credobaptism • Schlietheim Confession

36. 168 THE REFORMATION Luther’s revolutionary idea that every believer had the ability to read and interpret the Bible, that all people of faith were viewed by God as equals. This challenged the Church’s position that priests had an exclusive ability to do so. • Augsburg Confession • Justification by Faith Alone • Priesthood of All Believers • Credobaptism • Schlietheim Confession

37. 169 THE REFORMATION Swiss leader of Protestantism and advocate of predestination who created theocracies in Swiss cantons. His ideas led to a large following in Frane, known collectively as the Huguenots. • John Calvin • Ulrich Zwingli • Phillip of Hesse • Ignatius of Loyola • Gustav Vasa

38. 169 THE REFORMATION Swiss leader of Protestantism and advocate of predestination who created theocracies in Swiss cantons. His ideas led to a large following in Frane, known collectively as the Huguenots. • John Calvin • Ulrich Zwingli • Phillip of Hesse • Ignatius of Loyola • Gustav Vasa

39. 170 THE REFORMATION John Calvin’s belief that at the beginning of time, God had preselected who among all people would be saved and have salvation, a group known as the “elect.” This group was expected to follow the highest moral standards and be completely dedicated to God’s wishes. • Justification by Faith Alone • Acception of the Eurachrist • Transubstantiation • Predestination • Consubstantiation

40. 170 THE REFORMATION John Calvin’s belief that at the beginning of time, God had preselected who among all people would be saved and have salvation, a group known as the “elect.” This group was expected to follow the highest moral standards and be completely dedicated to God’s wishes. • Justification by Faith Alone • Acception of the Eurachrist • Transubstantiation • Predestination • Consubstantiation

41. 171 THE REFORMATION Converts or adherents to Calvinism in France, including many from the French nobility wishing to challenge the authority of the Catholic monarch. • Protestants • Lollards • Huguenots • Jesuits • Antitrinitarians

42. 171 THE REFORMATION Converts or adherents to Calvinism in France, including many from the French nobility wishing to challenge the authority of the Catholic monarch. • Protestants • Lollards • Huguenots • Jesuits • Antitrinitarians

43. 172 THE REFORMATION Decreed by French King Henry IV in 1598, it granted Huguenots limited political freedoms and the freedom of worship and brought temporary civilian peace. • January Edict • Edict of Nantes • Peace of Saint-Germain-En-Laye • Peace of Beaulieu • Edict of Fontainebleu

44. 172 THE REFORMATION Decreed by French King Henry IV in 1598, it granted Huguenots limited political freedoms and the freedom of worship and brought temporary civilian peace. • January Edict • Edict of Nantes • Peace of Saint-Germain-En-Laye • Peace of Beaulieu • Edict of Fontainebleu

45. 173 PERIODS IN HISTORY Sometimes called the Catholic Reformation. This was started in the 1530s by the Church and was aimed at reforming internal Church practices to combat the success of the Protestant Reformation. • Counter-Reformation • Genevan Reformation • English Reformation • Age of Religious Wars • Swiss Reformation

46. 173 PERIODS IN HISTORY Sometimes called the Catholic Reformation. This was started in the 1530s by the Church and was aimed at reforming internal Church practices to combat the success of the Protestant Reformation. • Counter-Reformation • Genevan Reformation • English Reformation • Age of Religious Wars • Swiss Reformation

47. 174 PERIODS IN HISTORY Written by Pope Paul IV as part of the Counter-Reformation. ___ forbade Catholics from reading books considered “harmful” to faith or morals. This indicates the significance of the printing press in disseminating Reformation ideas. • Book of Common Prayer • Spiritual Exercises • Praemunire • Cum ex apostolatus officio • Index of Forbidden Books

48. 174 PERIODS IN HISTORY Written by Pope Paul IV as part of the Counter-Reformation. ___ forbade Catholics from reading books considered “harmful” to faith or morals. This indicates the significance of the printing press in disseminating Reformation ideas. • Book of Common Prayer • Spiritual Exercises • Praemunire • Cum ex apostolatus officio • Index of Forbidden Books

49. 175 COUNTER-REFORMATION Summoned by Pope Paul III to try and define Catholic doctrine and thwart Protestant attacks on Catholic beliefs. These meetings did not reform the doctrines but did end several corrupt practices criticized by Reformers within the Church and reasserted traditional Catholic doctrine. • Reformation Parliament • Marburg Colloquy • Council of Trent • Fifth Lateran Council • Council of Regency

50. 175 COUNTER-REFORMATION Summoned by Pope Paul III to try and define Catholic doctrine and thwart Protestant attacks on Catholic beliefs. These meetings did not reform the doctrines but did end several corrupt practices criticized by Reformers within the Church and reasserted traditional Catholic doctrine. • Reformation Parliament • Marburg Colloquy • Council of Trent • Fifth Lateran Council • Council of Regency