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Organic Reactions

Organic Reactions. - Hydrocarbons -. Flow Chart of Organic Reactions. Reactions of Alkanes. Single covalent bonds between carbon atoms are relatively difficult to break, and thus alkanes are rather unreactive TWO Common Reactions of Alkanes Combustion Substitution.

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Organic Reactions

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  1. Organic Reactions - Hydrocarbons -

  2. Flow Chart of Organic Reactions

  3. Reactions of Alkanes • Single covalent bonds between carbon atoms are relatively difficult to break, and thus alkanes are rather unreactive • TWO Common Reactions of Alkanes • Combustion • Substitution

  4. 1) Combustion Reactions ∆ hydrocarbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide and water C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)  3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) NOTE: Assume COMPLETE combustion unless otherwise stated

  5. Flow Chart of Organic Reactions

  6. 2) Substitution Reaction • C-C bonds are difficult to break, H atom may be “substituted” by a halogen atom using F2, Cl2, and Br2 • Reactions with F2 are fast, Cl2 and Br2 require heat or UV to dissociate the halogen molecule first • Products  halogenated alkanes  called alkyl halides

  7. Substitution reaction between ethane & bromine

  8. As reactions proceeds, bromoethane concentration increases resulting in more substitution reactions

  9. Reactions of Alkenes & Alkynes • Due to double or triple bonds alkenes and alkynes are more reactive than alkanes • Traditionally alkenes and alkynes undergo ADDITION reactions – where atoms are added to the molecule without losing hydrogen atoms

  10. Reactions of Alkenes & Alkynes • Four Common Addition Reactions • Halogenation (with Br2 and Cl2) • Hydrogenation (with H2) • Hydrohalogenation (with hydrogen halides) • Hyration (with H2O)

  11. Flow Chart of Organic Reactions

  12. Flow Chart of Organic Reactions

  13. Flow Chart of Organic Reactions

  14. Markovnikov’s Rule

  15. Markovnikov’s Rule When a hydrogen halide or water is added to an alkene or alkyne, the hydrogen atom bonds to the carbon atom within the double bond that alreadyhas more hydrogen atoms. “the rich get richer”

  16. Learning Checkpoint Assigned Questions: p. 27 Practice UC # 1, 2, 3

  17. Reactions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons • Generally, do NOT undergo addition reactions • Less reactive than alkenes • Aromatic hydrocarbons undergo substitution reactions (easier than alkanes) • Reactivity of aromatic hydrocarbons between alkanes and alkenes

  18. Learning Checkpoint Assigned Questions: p. 30 Practice UC # 4, 5, 6 p. 31 Section 1.3 UC # 2, 3, 4

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