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GROUNDWATER

GROUNDWATER. GROUNDWATER. GROUNDWATER. Aquifer “Geologic unit that can store and transmit enough water to be a significant water resource” 1. Large volume (in relation to the amounts being removed annually) 2. Moderately high porosity 3. Facilitate easy movement of water toward a well

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GROUNDWATER

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  1. GROUNDWATER

  2. GROUNDWATER

  3. GROUNDWATER • Aquifer “Geologic unit that can store and transmit enough water to be a significant water resource” 1. Large volume (in relation to the amounts being removed annually) 2. Moderately high porosity 3. Facilitate easy movement of water toward a well • aquiclude

  4. GROUNDWATER • Confined versus unconfined

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  7. GROUNDWATER • Elevation energy and pressure energy

  8. GROUNDWATER • Elevation energy and pressure energy

  9. GROUNDWATER • Potentiometric surface • Equipotential lines • Potentiometric contours

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  13. GROUNDWATER • Vx = Q/A • Water potential (hydraulic) gradient: • Q = h/d

  14. GROUNDWATER • Q = A h/d • Q = K A (h/d) • Hydraulic conductivity (K) • “Permeability” • T = Kb • where b = aquifer thickness  

  15. GROUNDWATER

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  18. GROUNDWATER • Storage properties of aquifers • In GW flow, S = 1 and  volume stored/unit volume = 

  19. GROUNDWATER • The volume of water a unit volume of aquifer releases in response to Dh = Specific storage, Ss Volume water released [L3] Ss = Volume of aquifer [L3] x Dh [L] Storage coefficient or storativity, S Volume water released [L3] S = Surface area of aquifer [L2] x Dh [L]

  20. GROUNDWATER S and Ss are related as S = bSs

  21. GROUNDWATER Unconfined aquifer: Specific yield (Sy) = sy = volume of stored GW released per unit surface area per unit decline of S = sy sy = bSs and Ss= syb

  22. Fc GROUNDWATER  = Sy + Sr

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