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GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION HISTORY ELEMENTS PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION MEASURING DISTANCE GPS MEASUREMENT ERRORS TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE ACCURACY APPLICATIONS. INTRODUCTION. GIS

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GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

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  1. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

  2. CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION • HISTORY • ELEMENTS • PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION • MEASURING DISTANCE • GPS MEASUREMENT ERRORS • TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE ACCURACY • APPLICATIONS

  3. INTRODUCTION • GIS • It is a computerized information storage processing and retrieval system that has hardware and software especially designed to cope with geographical referenced spatial data

  4. GIS • Techniques to input geographical information converting the information to digital form • Techniques for sorting information in a compact format on computer disk or digital storage media • Can analyze, make measurements and find optimum sites or routes and a hosts of other tasks • Can predict outcome of various scenarios, can display data in the form of maps, images etc

  5. GPS HISTORY • LAUNCH OF SPUTNIK IN 1957 • TRANSIT SYSTEM IN 1960 • F.O.C (Full Operational Capacity) IN JULY 17 1995 • ICO • NAVSTAR • DESIGNED BY U.S DoD • PRECISE LOCATION • ACCURATE TIME

  6. GPSELEMENTS • 1. SPACE SEGMENT • 2. CONTROL SEGMENT • 3. USER SEGMENT

  7. SPACESEGMENT 24 SATELLITES IN A CONSTELLATION OF 6 ORBITAL PLANES, EACH SATELLITE COMPLETES 1 REVOLUTION IN 12 HOURS 6 ORBITS INCLINED 55 DEGREES FROM THE EQUATOR 4 SATELLITES FOR 3-D POSITIONING This configuration provides for at least 4 equally spaced satellites within each of the orbital planes

  8. CONTROLSEGMENT • MONITOR STATIONS • MASTER CONTROL STATION • Frequency L1=1575.42 MHz C/A code, L2=1227.60 MHz P code

  9. CONTROLSEGMENT

  10. USERSEGMENT • CONSISTS OF GPS RECEIVER,ANTENNA AND PROCESSOR • SPS-STANDARD POSITIONING SERVICE • PPS-PRECISE POSITIONING SERVICE

  11. PRINCIPLEOFOPERATION • TRILATERATION PRINCIPLE • A body cannot occupy 2 positions in space simultaneously • 2-D TRILATERATION • 3-D TRILATERATION

  12. 2-DTRILATERATION

  13. 3-DTRILATERATION

  14. MEASURINGDISTANCE • SATELLITE AND THE RECEIVER GENERATE SAME PSEUDO-RANDOM CODES AT THE SAME TIME • MEASURING HOW LONG THE SIGNAL TAKES TO REACH US • MULTIPLY THE TRAVEL TIME BY THE SPEED OF LIGHT

  15. GPSMEASUREMENTERRORS • CLOCK • IONOSPHERE • MULTIPATH

  16. TECHNIQUESTOIMPROVEACCURACY • DGPS • DIFFERENTIAL GPS • WAAS • WIDE AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM

  17. APPLICATIONEnvironmentalManagement • Data Representation • Vector method • Raster method • Predict climate changes, outcome of various scenarios

  18. APPLICATIONS • MILITARY APPLICATIONS • MISSILE GUIDANCE

  19. AIRNAVIGATION • MOSTDIRECTROUTESBETWEENAIRPORTS

  20. GPSINCOCKPIT .ACCURATE POSITION DATA

  21. SEANAVIGATION • MORE ACCURATE MAPS: NAUTICAL & AERONAUTICAL MAPS

  22. LANDNAVIGATION • GPS IN VEHICLES • MAPPING THE EARTH • SET YOUR WATCH

  23. SURVEY • SURVEYING WITH GPS • SCIENCE IN THE FIELD

  24. AGRICULTURE • GPS AND AGRICULTURE • YIELD MAP

  25. CONCLUSION • Satellite based navigational aid • Guide by 24 satellites round the globe in 6 orbits • 3D positioning and time • Type of terrain and weather does not effect positioning • Cheap and precise operating equipment • Inherent error correction mode • A variant of GPS , DGPS has already been introduced

  26. thanku…

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