Starter (November 26) Answer in complete sentences.

1. Starter (November 26)Answer in complete sentences. • At the end of World War II, the USSR utilized what form of government? • Many nations feared the form of government utilized by the USSR. What happened as a result of this fear? 3. Define NATO, SEATO, and the Warsaw Pact. *I know these are in the BLUE USH book.

2. From World War to Cold War

3. The United States vs. the Soviet Union Intro to The Cold War (1945-1991)

4. Two Superpowers: The US and USSR • USSR and US emerged from WWII as the two superpowers. • War had destroyed the two major Axis powers – Germany and Japan • War had also reduced Britain and France to second-rate status. • USSR and US were superpowers based on their large populations, strong and stable governments, industrial and technological leadership, and military power

5. Origins of the Cold War • Originated immediately after WWII (Yalta Conference is the actual point) • Americans were alarmed by the expressed Soviet aim of communizing the world and the expansion of Soviet power into Central Europe. • Soviets were alarmed by overwhelming American military power and the expansionism of American capitalism. • Truman began the American policy of containment (not allowing communism to spread further than it already had)

6. “Weapons” of the Cold War • Propaganda – in newspapers, radio, television • Diplomatic moves – international conferences and military alliances • Scientific competition – nuclear weapons, missiles, space flights • Economic competition – aid to developing countries • Espionage – spy rings, intelligence gathering ships, data-gathering space vehicles • Subversion – encouraging dissent and disruption within each other’s borders

10. Starter (November 27) Answer in complete sentences. • After WWII, Korea was divided along which line? • Identify the governments of North and South Korea. • Why did the UN (and therefore, the US) become involved in the Korean War?

11. The Cold War Heats Up • Nuclear weapons became a threat to the world after the dropping of the atomic bomb in Japan during WWII (1945). • Soviets acquired the bombs leading to an increase in production. • The hydrogen bomb was developed in the early 1950s. • Long-range missiles were developed in the mid-1950s. • Fear of nuclear war led to fallout shelters in the US.

12. Korean War (1950-1953)

13. Korea in the Post-WWII World • Korea was liberated from Japan after World War II. • The US and the Soviets could not decide on what form of government to use in Korea. • Division of Korea at the 38th parallel • North Korea was led by the Soviets (communist) • South Korea became a pro-US democracy

14. Korean War Begins • A war began between North and South Korea when North Korean forces crossed the 38th parallel June of 1950. • The UN decided to come to South Korea’s aid. • In the US, Harry Truman chose General MacArthur to lead the UN forces. • US never declared war on Korea; instead, the Korean War is viewed as a UN police action.

15. Korean War hits a Stalemate • MacArthur’s forces pushed North Korea over the 38th parallel by attacking their supply lines. • Chinese troops came to aid North Korea when UN troops neared the Chinese border. • Chinese feared the UN may end the communist regime if they did not assist North Korea. • Truman fired MacArthur after he spoke negatively about the president’s handling of the war. • After two long years of battles, an armistice was signed in 1953. • The governments in Korea remained divided at almost the same position as they had been in prior to North Korea’s invasion.

16. Korean War Memorial Washington, DC

21. Korean War Comic Strip • Create a 6-block story board of the Korean War. • You should outline major events of the Korean War beginning with North Korea’s invasion of South Korea and ending with the armistice of 1953. • Each block must have a visual and your knowledge of the content must be evident. (You may accompany your pictures with writing.) • Color is required. • Page 759 in green textbook (OR other textbooks for this assignment as your green text does not provide much detail)

23. Starter (November 28)Answer in complete sentences. • Why did the US get involved in the Korean War? • Who won the Korean War? (Write at least 3 sentences explaining your answer.)

24. The Cold War in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s

25. The “Domino Theory” • After the Korean War, President Eisenhower expressed his fear of spreading communism: “You have a row of dominoes, and you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that will go over very quickly.” • During the 1950s and early 1960s, the US sent military advisors to South Vietnam to help prevent communism from spreading in from North Vietnam.

26. The Berlin Wall • In 1961, the Soviets began building a wall to separate the democratic West Berlin from East Berlin. • Why do you think the Soviets constructed the Berlin Wall? • http://www.history.com/videos/history-rocks-the-berlin-wall#history-rocks-the-berlin-wall

27. The Indochina War (1946-1954) • French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia) hoped for independence with the end of World War II in 1945. • By 1940, Ho Chi Minh was an important nationalist leader and a Marxist. • Japan invaded Vietnam in 1941 (during WWII). • Ho Chi Minh began a movement for an Independent Vietnam called the Viet Minh. • When the Japanese were defeated in 1945, Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam independent. • The French returned in 1946 in attempts to reclaim Indochina causing the Indochina War.

28. From 1946-1954 fighting occurred between the French and anti-imperial forces with the most intense fighting taking place in Vietnam. • Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh waged guerilla warfare defeating the French in 1954. • The Geneva Conference of 1954 ended the Indochina War. • The French withdrew all troops. • Vietnam was temporarily divided at the 17th parallel • Elections would be held in 1956 to choose a government for the entire country.

29. Cuban Missile Crisis • In the summer of 1961, the Soviets began constructing missile sites in Cuba (also a communist country). • US spy planes discovered the sites in October 1962 when they were almost completed. • US president John F. Kennedy demanded that Nikita Khrushchev (leader of USSR) withdraw the missiles and announced a US blockade of Cuba. • After 5 days, Khrushchev withdrew the missiles and the US agreed to remove missiles from Turkey.

32. Where is Vietnam?

33. Vietnam War (1954-1975)

34. The Vietnam War was the longest and most unpopular war in American history. • During the war: • 58,000 Americans lost their lives. • 61% of the men killed were 21 or younger. • 304,000 were wounded. • 75,000 were severely disabled. • The United States spent over $200 billion dollars on the war.

35. Opposition to Geneva Accords • The United States prevented the elections in 1956 that were promised under the Geneva conference because it knew that the Communists would win. • President Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961) supported the creation of a counter-revolutionary alternative south of the 17th parallel. (Democracy in South Vietnam) • This was accomplished through formation of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).

37. Starter November 29 (Answer in complete sentences) • Why did the US get involved in Vietnam? • Why do you think many people in the US disliked the Vietnam War and protested against our involvement? • Why did the US prevent elections in 1956 that would reunite Vietnam under one government?

38. A New Nation in the South • In 1955, with the help of massive amounts of American military, political, and economic aid, the government of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) was born. • The following year, Ngo Dinh Diem, a staunchly anti-Communist figure from the South, won a dubious election that made him president of South Vietnam

39. South Vietnam Under Diem • Diem claimed that his newly created government was under attack from Communists in the north. • In late 1957, with American military aid, Diem began to counterattack. • Diem passed laws against suspected communists. • Many began to feel that his actions were too oppressive and began to protest.

40. The National Liberation Front • On December 20, 1960, the National Liberation Front (NLF) was born. • It brought together Communists and non-Communists in an umbrella organization that had limited, but important goals • Anyone could join as long as they opposed Ngo Dinh Diem and wanted to unify Vietnam.

41. Military Coup • In 1963, some of Diem's own generals approached the American Embassy in Saigon with plans to overthrow Diem. • With Washington's tacit approval, Diem and his brother were captured and later killed. • Three weeks later, President Kennedy was assassinated on the streets of Dallas.

42. Escalation of the Conflict • At the time of the Kennedy and Diem assassinations, there were 16,000 military advisers in Vietnam. • US President Lyndon Baines Johnson (1963-1969) was convinced that a more aggressive action was needed.

43. Operation Rolling Thunder • In early 1965, the NLF attacked two U.S. army installations in South Vietnam, and as a result, Johnson ordered sustained bombing missions over North Vietnam. • The bombing missions, known as “Operation Rolling Thunder,” caused the Communist Party to reassess its own war strategy

44. Phosphorous & Napalm Bombs • “Operation Rolling Thunder” was backed up by phosphorous and napalm bombs – the latter causing dreadful burns to thousand of innocent civilians.

45. Operation Ranch Hand • When this failed to break down the jungle cover the US started “Operation Ranch Hand” – use of Agent Orange. • This deadly chemical cocktail, containing dioxin, killed off millions of acres of jungle to try to weaken the Vietcong – but left a horrendous legacy in Vietnam.

46. Helicopters • Of all aircraft, thehelicopter was the most useful, dropping platoons in the jungle clearings and out again. • They were excellent air ambulances.

47. North Vietnamese Tactics • Guerilla tactics • Aid from peasants • Their weapons were cheap and reliable. • The AK47 assault rifle out-performed the American M16 • The portable rocket launcher took out many US vehicles & aircraft. • They recycleddud bombs dropped by the Americans. • Booby-traps • Tunnel Complexes for bomb protection

48. Search & Destroy Tactics • The United States countered with “Search and Destroy” tactics. If they found Viet Cong in a village, the village was burned down. • This often alienated the peasants from the American/South Vietnamese cause. • “If they weren’t Vietcong before we got there, they sure as hell were by the time we left.” (US Marine) • Viet Cong assisted with rebuilding and burials

49. The Tet Offensive • By 1968, things had gone from bad to worse for the Johnson administration. • Attacks by North Vietnam and the Viet Cong, known as the Tet Offensive, were designed to force the Johnson administration to the bargaining table.

50. The My Lai Massacre • A serious blow to U.S. credibility came with the exposure of the My Lai massacre (March 1968). • Hushed up at the time and only discovered by a tenacious journalist, this involved the killing of 400 men, women and children by US troops.