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European Allies' Key Role in American Revolution Victory

Learn how Friedrich Von Steuben and Marquis de Lafayette helped train and lead the Continental Army at Valley Forge. Explore British strategy shifts, losses, and surrender at Yorktown, marking the end of the war. Discover how peace talks resulted in the Treaty of Paris, confirming U.S. independence and establishing new boundaries. Delve into the impact of the revolution on liberty, egalitarianism, and governance questions.

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European Allies' Key Role in American Revolution Victory

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  1. Chapter 4, Section 4 Winning the War

  2. European Allies Help Volunteered • In the midst of the frozen winter at Valley Forge, Friedrich Von Steuben, offered his services to General Washington. • He began training the Continental Army to become an effective fighting force. “to make regular soldiers out of country bumpkins.” • He taught them to: • Stand at attention • Execute field maneuvers • Fire and reload quickly

  3. Lafayette and theFrench • Military leader Marquis de Lafayette, a French aristocrat, also offered his assistance at Valley Forge • He led a command in Virginia in the last years of the war He was only 20 years old! Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roche Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette

  4. British Strategy • After Saratoga’s devastating loss, British shifted their focus to the South. • Gen. Charles Cornwallis (British) • Took over Savannah, Georgia. • General Henry Clinton replaced General Howe in NY. • 8,500 soldiers led their greatest victory of the war and captured Charles Town, South Carolina. • He was very successful with the help of slaves who wanted their freedom. • Americans kept attacking British forces marching into North Carolina, cutting communication. • British were hoping to rally sympathetic loyalists to their side. • Reclaim former colonies. • Then slowly fight their way back up North.

  5. British Losses in 1781 • Washington sends Nathanael Greene to harass Cornwallis • Cornwallis and Greene meet up. Americans are outnumbered but force the redcoats to surrender. • Cornwallis lost a ¼ of his troops • Greene asks for help of Lafayette in the South. • After fighting in the Carolinas, Cornwallis moves to Virginia where he had reinforcements. • He moved his men between the James and York rivers and camped at Yorktown, a few miles from Jamestown. Greene

  6. British Surrender at Yorktown • Cornwallis made a fateful mistake of leading his army to Yorktown, Virginia. • American & French join forces and attacked. • The siege lasted about a month • They blocked any exit route the British had by sea. • They surrounded them and bombarded them day and night. • On Oct. 17, 1781 Cornwallis surrendered. • Marking the end of the American Revolution.

  7. American wanted Independence Britain wanted to avoid giving America full independence France wanted American Independence but feared they would become a major power Spain wanted land between the Appalachian mountains and the Mississippi River Seeking Peace • In 1782, peace talks begin in Paris (U.S., Great Britain, France, and Spain) • John Adams, Ben Franklin, John Jay • In Sept. of 1783, delegates signed the Treaty of Paris, which confirmed U.S. Independence and set the boundaries of the new nation,United States. • Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River, Canada to Florida • Britain made no attempts to protect the Native Americans that were their allies.

  8. Liberty • Egalitarianism- a belief in the equality of all people. • A new attitude: the idea that ability, effort, or family defined one’s worth. • Applied only to white males. • George Washington freed his slaves. • More free blacks. • Native Americans endured more settling colonists because their land was not protected in the Treaty of Paris, 1783. • How do you build a stable government, a government of the people? • Who should participate in government? • How should the government answer to the people?

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