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Chapter 4: Climate and Climate Change

Explore the factors influencing climate, temperature zones, and precipitation patterns. Learn how latitude, altitude, water bodies, and ocean currents shape global weather conditions, and understand microclimates in various regions.

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Chapter 4: Climate and Climate Change

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  1. Chapter 4: Climate and Climate Change Section 1: What Causes Climate

  2. Weather:condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time (short term) Climate:average conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds and clouds in an area (long term)

  3. What Causes Climate? • Temperature (cold or warm climate) • Precipitation (dry or humid climate)

  4. Factors Affecting Temperature • Latitude • Altitude • Distance From Large Bodies of Water • Ocean Currents

  5. Latitude • Latitude: The distance from the equator measured in degrees • Temperature Zones • Tropical Zones: warm climates • Temperate Zones: ranging temperatures • Polar Zones: cold climates

  6. Altitude • Altitude: elevation above sea level • High land areas have cooler climates • Higher altitudes = cooler temperatures • Lower altitudes = warmer temperatures

  7. Distance From Large Bodies of Water • Marine Climates: warmer winters and cooler summers • Continental Climates: colder winters and warmer summers

  8. Ocean Currents • Oceans and lakes can affect temperatures/climate • Ocean Currents- streams of water within the ocean that move in regular patterns • 3 examples: Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Drift, California Current

  9. Factors Affecting Precipitation • Prevailing Winds • Mountain Ranges

  10. Prevailing Winds • movement of air masses caused by directional winds in a region • The amount of water vapor in an air mass influences how much rain or snow will fall • The amount of water vapor in the prevailing wind depends on where the wind comes from

  11. Mountain Ranges • Air forced up the mountain cools, condenses, and creates clouds • Falls as precipitation on windward side • Leeward side of mountain has drier conditions

  12. Microclimates • Microclimates: small region with specific climate conditions • Examples: parks, cities, areas near lakes or ponds, gardens, etc.

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