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Chapter 10 The Union in Peril

Chapter 10 The Union in Peril. Section 2 (A) Protest, Resistance, and Violence. Fugitive Slave Act. Despite the 6 th Amendment, fugitive slaves were not entitled to: A trial by jury The right to counsel (an attorney) Testify on their own behalf

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Chapter 10 The Union in Peril

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  1. Chapter 10 The Union in Peril Section 2 (A) Protest, Resistance, and Violence

  2. Fugitive Slave Act • Despite the 6th Amendment, fugitive slaves were not entitled to: • A trial by jury • The right to counsel (an attorney) • Testify on their own behalf • A statement by a slave owner was all that was requested to have a slave returned.

  3. Enforcement • Officials received $10 for returning a fugitive slave, but only $5 if they granted the slave freedom. • Anyone convicted of helping a fugitive slave was subject to a $1,000 fine and/or six months in prison.

  4. Resistance • Committees formed to help slaves reach safety in Canada. • Some states passed Personal Liberty Laws which guaranteed jury trials for runaway slaves. • Some people resorted to violence to help rescue fugitive slaves.

  5. The Underground Railroad • A secret network of people who helped slaves escape. • “Conductors,” like Harriet Tubman escorted slaves to the next “station.” • Tubman helped over 300 slaves flee to freedom despite the great risk involved.

  6. Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Harriet Beecher Stowe published a book about the moral struggle of slavery. • Her bestseller told the story of a slave who fled to freedom with her infant son.

  7. Tension in the New Territory • The issue of slavery in the territories resurfaced. • Stephen Douglas wanted to organize the new lands into two territories.

  8. Problem: • The Nebraska Territory was north of the Missouri Compromise line, so slavery was illegal there. • But Douglas needed the South’s support for the transcontinental railroad, so he supported repealing the Missouri Compromise.

  9. Kansas-Nebraska Act • In January of 1854, Douglas introduced a bill to officially split the new area into two territories. • His proposal favored popular sovereignty for both territories.

  10. Bitter Debate • The North saw the bill as a plot to turn the territories into slave states. • Most southern Congressmen voted for the bill, which they thought would maintain the balance of free vs. slave states.

  11. Result • Despite harsh criticism for betraying the Missouri Compromise, Douglas remained firm on popular sovereignty. • With the help of President Franklin Pierce, the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed in 1854. • All eyes now turned westward as the fate of the new territories, and the country, hung in balance.

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