The Union in Peril Chapter 10

1. The Union in PerilChapter 10 Causes, key events, and consequences leading to the CIVIL WAR

2. Is it possible to compromise on an ethical issue such as slavery? The Union in Peril • …the prospect ahead is dark, cloudy, thick and gloomy. Alexander H. Stephens • …the greatest question that can ever come under your consideration: How can the Union be preserved? John C. Calhoun • Peaceable secession!…there can be no such thing as a peaceable secession! Daniel Webster

3. “The slaveholding states will no longer have the power of self-government, or self-protection, and the federal government will become their enemy. . . .”—South Carolina legislature, 1860 “The Union is older than any of these states, and, in fact, it created them as states.”—Abraham Lincoln, 1861 These quotes represent two sides in which important conflict in American history? A the conflict over how much independence states should have in the federal system B the conflict over what level of representation small states should have in the federal legislature C the conflict over an amendment to the Constitution that would allow slavery in the territories D the conflict over whether or not to forcibly remove Native Americans from their lands in the West

4. Causes of the Civil War • 1. Conflict over slavery in territories • 2. Failure of Compromise in Congress— States Rights • 3. Election of Lincoln as President • 4. Secession of Southern states • 5. Firing on Fort Sumter, South Carolina Remember the S’s & L!!!

5. Slavery in the Territories: The Missouri Question - Northerners were against adding Missouri to the union as a slave state because it would disrupt the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states. Balance of Free and Slave States (1819) Original 13 States Free States Slave States

6. Balance of Free and Slave States (1821) Missouri Compromise Missouri was admitted to the union as a slave state, and Maine was admitted as a free state. Maine (1820) Missouri (1821) Original 13 States Free States Slave States

7. • An imaginary line was drawn across the southern border of Missouri at the latitude 36 30'N. 36 , 30’

8. • Slavery was banned north of 36 , 30'N, except for Missouri. • Slavery was allowed in the part of the Louisiana Purchase south of the 36 , 30'N. Sectionalism – loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country.

9. Ch. 10.1 Slavery in the TerritoriesWilmot Proviso – banned slavery in all territories • Northern Congressmen voted for it • Feared Southern control of Congress • Southern Congress voted against it • Undermine constitutional protection of property • Feared loss of power in Congress would lead to laws ending slavery

10. Compromise of 1850: • California applies for statehood and outlaws slavery • South said this violated Missouri Compromise – threatened to secede • Compromise: • California admitted as free state • Utah and New Mexico decide slavery issue by voting • Popular Sovereignty-right of residents of a territory to vote for or against slavery. • Sale of slaves banned in Washington, DC, but slavery itself may continue • Fugitive Slave Act passed-North must return runaway slaves or be fined plus jail time

11. Compromise of 1850

13. Ch. 10.2 Harriet Beecher Stowe &Dred Scott • 2 important mile markers on the Road to the Civil War… • After listening to the clip, be able to explain how they increased tensions between the North and the South. • Write down your ideas in your notes. American History:The Civil War--North vs. South

14. Harriet Beecher Stowe • Uncle Tom’s Cabin- anti-slavery book by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Depicted the institution of slavery • Caused many people to be sympathetic to the abolitionist cause • Sold 300,000 copies in the first year • 2 million in a decade!

15. HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

16. The Underground Railroad • =A series of secret passages leading from the South to Northern cities and Canada to help slaves escape from slavery • Harriet Tubman- famous conductor in the underground RR. Tour the Underground Railroad http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/bhistory/underground%5Frailroad/

17. Kansas Nebraska Act (1854) • Look at the map on p. 314 • Did away with the Missouri Compromise • Let Kansas and Nebraska decide on the issue of slavery (popular sovereignty-people decide issue)

18. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

19. Violence Erupts in “Bleeding Kansas” • Read pp. 315-316 create a focus circle of information on the causes of conflict in Kansas… • BE PREPARED TO SHARE WITH CLASS Bleeding Kansas

20. Focus Circle • Immigrants came looking for farms – mostly anti-slavery • Border ruffians from slave states – came just to vote for slavery . • Settlers poured into the area bringing weapons, animals, seeds, and farm supplies to Anti-slavery groups Pro-slavery won a majority – set a pro-slavery gov’t in Lecompton to pass laws favoring slavery. Bleeding Kansas Anti-slavery group settled in Lawrence – Pro-slavery sheriff was sent to arrest town leaders – 800 men swept through Lawrence – burned buildings and arrested citizens Pottawatomie Massacre- John Brown – radical abolitionist – led revenge attack on 5 pro-slavers – set off more attacks – 200 people killed – people lived in fear Violence in the Senate

21. “Bleeding Kansas” • Both slavery supporters and abolitionists rush into Kansas and set up rival gov’ts • Armed clashes b/t the 2 sides common • John Brown, the famous abolitionist, believed God called on him to end slavery • “Pottawatomie Massacre”-John Brown and his people drug pro-slavery people from their beds, hacked off their hands, and stabbed them with broadswords

22. “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians”(pro-slavery Missourians)

23. John Brown: Madman or Martyr? • In 1856, an abolitionist named John Brown murdered five proslavery men in Kansas

24. SEOCT ? Which of the following was a belief held by John Brown (1800–1859)? • A Individual states should decide whether to permit slavery. • B Abolitionists should work for gradual change. • C The South should work to diversify its economic base. • D Slavery should be abolished by violent means, if necessary.

25. Violence in the SenatePg. 316-317 • Describe the Northern and Southern reactions to the incident between Charles Sumner and Preston Brooks.

26. “The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC) The cartoon shows Preston Brooks attacking Charles Sumner in the U.S. Senate chamber

27. Violence in the Senate

28. Ch. 10.3 Slavery issue and Politics • Whig Party-North opposed slavery – South left party. • Know-Nothing Party - (American Party) – believed in nativism • feared rising number of immigrants • Free Soil Party – opposed the extension of slavery –appealed to Northern voters….

29. The Birth of the Republican Party… 1854 – former Northern Whigs and anti-slavery Democrats and Free Soilers formed new party • opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act • drew support from wide range of people-wanted to stop expansion of slavery in territories

30. Ch. 10.4 Slavery and Secession • P. 324 Personal Voice • “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved – I do not expect the house to fall-but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.” Abraham Lincoln

31. Dred Scott V. Sandford: Dred Scott Decision - FACTS: • Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri. (MO) Dred Scott

32. Dred Scott Decision - FACTS: • Scott and his owner moved to Wisconsin for four years. Dred Scott

33. Dred Scott Decision - FACTS: • Scott’s owner died after returning to Missouri. Dred Scott

34. Dred Scott Decision - FACTS: * Scott sued for his freedom. He claimed that he should be a free man since he lived in a free territory (WI) for four years. Dred Scott

35. Results of Dred Scott Case: • Scott was not a citizen • Living in a free territory didn’t make a slave free • Congress had no right to outlaw slavery because slaves were property protected under 5th Amendment….Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional • South saw it as clearing the way for the extension of slavery in all territories. • Northerners now turned to the Republican Party as a way to keep slavery in check.

36. RESULTS: • Dred Scott was not given his freedom. • The Missouri Compromise was found to be unconstitutional. Open to slavery through popular sovereignty (Compromise of 1850) Open to slavery through popular sovereignty (KS-NE Act) Missouri Compromise line is declared unconstitutional (Dred Scott Decision)

37. A House divided against itself, cannot stand Rise of Abraham Lincoln Compare/Contrast pp.325-326 Abraham Lincoln Stephen Douglas

38. Lincoln….. • Self educated • Served one term of Congress • Republican • Spoke in plain language • Believed slavery was immoral • Believed that slavery had to be ended by Congress • Did not believe that Popular Sovereignty would work • Did not believe in punishing the South during Reconstruction • Was an excellent politician and leader

39. Douglas • Two terms in Senate • Democrat • Well educated • Believed in popular sovereignty • Believed that slavery would die out eventually • Freeport Doctrine – if slavery is legal in the territory – then elect people who will not enforce slavery laws.

40. John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry….1859 • John Brown led raid on arsenal • U.S. troops attacked Brown’s group • Brown arrested – tried for treason and hanged… • Read the account of the raid on p. 327-328 • -Why did Harpers Ferry increase tensions between the North and the South?

41. John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859 John Brown: Madman or Martyr?

42. Lincoln and the Election of 1860 • Republican Abraham Lincoln runs for president • South feels threatened b/c Lincoln feels slavery is morally evil • N. Democrats – Stephen Douglas • S. Democrats – John C. Breckingridge • Constitutional Party – John Bell

43. 1860PresidentialElection √Abraham LincolnRepublican John BellConstitutional Union Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat

44. Map of 1860 Election Electoral Vote Popular Vote -Lincoln 180 1, 865, 593 -Breck. 72 848, 356 -Bell 39 592, 906 -Douglas 12 1, 382, 713

45. 1860 Election Results

46. Results of 1860 Election….Southern Secession • Lincoln’s victory convinces South that they have lost their political power. • S.Carolinasecedes (withdraws) from the Union followed by several other states • 1861 – formed the Confederate States of America (Confederacy) • Elected Jefferson Davis – President • Question: Would the North allow the South to leave without a fight?

47. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

48. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

50. March 1861 • At Lincoln's inauguration on March 4, the new president said he had no plans to end slavery in those states where it already existed, but he also said he would not accept secession. He hoped to resolve the national crisis without conflict.