Unit 2-Colonial America

1. Unit 2-Colonial America Lesson 6: New England and Middle Colonies

2. Review • By defeating the Spanish Armada, England was now able to settle in America. After learning from their failures and struggles at Roanoke and Jamestown, England was able to successfully settle the large colony of Virginia.

3. New England Colonies • New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island

4. Religion in England • In 1534, King Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church and formed the Anglican Church. • Many people disagreed with the beliefs and practices of the Anglicans, or dissented. • Those who dissented were also persecuted, or treated harshly.

5. Religion in England • Puritans wanted to reform, or change, the Anglican Church. • Separatists wanted to leave the Anglican Church and start their own churches. • Separatists were persecuted in England, and looked to settle somewhere else where they wouldn’t lose their religious values and English way of life.

6. Pilgrims • Pilgrims were separatists that made a deal with the Virginia Company which allowed them to settle in Virginia and have religious freedom. • This small group considered themselves Pilgrims because they considered it a religious journey.

7. Pilgrims • In September 1620, 102 passengers (only 35 were Pilgrims) boarded a ship called the Mayflower. • The other passengers, called “strangers” by the Pilgrims, were just common people looking for a better life in America.

8. Mayflower Compact • The Pilgrims first spotted land north of their planned landing spot at Cape Cod. • Due to it being the beginning of winter, they decided to anchor and go ashore to a place called Plymouth. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MayflowerHarbor.jpg

9. Mayflower Compact • Because Plymouth was not in the territory of the Virginia Company, the Pilgrims created a formal document to plan a government for Plymouth, called the Mayflower Compact. • The Mayflower Compact was a major step to the development of a representative government in America.

10. Native American Relations • Almost half of the Pilgrims died that first winter at Plymouth due to disease, hunger, and weather. • The following spring, a few Native Americans taught the Pilgrims how to grow corn, beans, and pumpkins, as well as where to fish and hunt.

11. Native American Relations • With the help of two Natives, Squanto and Samoset, the Pilgrims made a treaty with the local tribe, the Wampanoags, and the groups lived peacefully. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thanksgiving-Brownscombe.jpg

12. Puritans • In 1625, Charles Ist became the new King of England, and objected to the idea of reforming the Anglican Church, leading to increased persecution of the Puritans. • A group of Puritans looked to leave England and formed the Massachusetts Bay Company, which received a charter to colonize north of Plymouth.

13. Puritans http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wpdms_king_james_grants.png

14. Boston • The Massachusetts Bay Company chose John Winthrop, a well-educated Puritan, to be governor of their new colony. • In 1630, about 900 Puritans (men, women, and children) sailed from England to Massachusetts Bay, settling in a place they called Boston.

15. Massachusetts Bay Colony http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Masscolony.png

16. Great Migration • More than 15,000 Puritans came to Massachusetts looking to escape persecution and hard economic times. • This large movement of people to America is know as the Great Migration.

17. Puritan Government • Initially, John Winthrop and his assistants, who were chosen by the colony’s stockholders which was called the General Court, made the laws. • Settlers demanded more say in the government, and in 1634 the General Court became the elected assembly.

18. Puritan Government • Only adult male church members were allowed to vote for their town’s representatives. • Puritans also believed in living a very pure lifestyle, down to the details of the Bible. • Although they came to America for religious freedom, they had little toleration for people of other religions.

19. Connecticut • The Connecticut River Valley, south of Massachusetts was better for farming than Boston, leading to colonists settling this area in the 1630’s. • A Puritan minister, named Thomas Hooker, grew upset with the way Winthrop and other Puritan leaders ran Massachusetts.

20. Connecticut • Hooker led his church members through the woods to Connecticut where they started a town called Hartford, in 1636. • In 1639, Hartford, along with two other towns, agreed to form a new colony in Connecticut. • They would create the first written constitution called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.

21. Rhode Island • Rhode Island was settled by colonists who were forced out by leaders of Massachusetts. • Roger Williams was the first to be forced to Rhode Island because he believed the government should not force people to worship in a specific way. • He also said that it was wrong to take land from the Native Americans.

22. Rhode Island • Williams settled land that was sold to him by Native Americans, and he named the town Providence. • Williams was granted a charter to start the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations in 1644. • Rhode Island became a popular place to settle because of its freedom of religion policies.

23. New Hampshire • A group of dissenters, led by John Wheelwright, settled to the north of Massachusetts, looking for religious freedom, in 1638. • They found the town of Exeter and Hampton, leading to the colony of New Hampshire.

24. Middle Colonies • In 1660, England had two groups of colonies, the New England Colonies, and Virginia and Maryland. • In between the two groups, was land controlled by the Netherlands.

25. Settlers of Middle Colonies • To increase the population, the Dutch sent families from multiple countries and religions to New Amsterdam. • Anyone who brought 50 settlers over to work the land, would be given a large estate that they could govern however they wanted.

26. New York • England wanted New Amsterdam for the great ports and to connect their colonies. • In 1664, England sent ships to attack, but easily took over New Amsterdam because the people of the colony refused to help the governor, who had strict rules and heavy taxes, fight the British.

27. New York • The King of England, gave the new colony to his brother, the Duke of York. • New York was a proprietary colony, where the owner owned all the land and controlled the government. • The Duke of York promised religious freedom to the colonists.

28. New York • The diverse population, which included Dutch, Germans, Native Americans, Puritans, etc. demanded a representative government like the other English colonies. • After resisting, the English government allowed New York to elect a legislature in1691.

29. New Jersey • Duke of York gave southern part of New York, between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers, to noble proprietors, which they named New Jersey. • To attract settlers, they offered large amounts of land, freedom of religion, representative assembly, and the right to a trial by jury.

30. New Jersey • There was no major port or city, and poor farming land. • The proprietors sold their land by 1682, and in 1702, it became a royal colony, owned by the King, but the colonists still made the laws.

31. Pennsylvania • In 1680, William Penn received land from the King to pay off a debt still owed to Penn’s father after he died. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penncolony.png

32. Quakers • William Penn belonged to a Protestant group call the Quakers. • They believed that every person had an “inner light” to guide them on the path to heaven, and that everyone was equal in God’s eyes. • They did not have church services or priests.

33. Quakers • Quakers were tolerant of other religions, but others believed the Quakers were a threat to traditions. • They would not bow to the wealthy due to their belief of everyone being equal. • Quakers were pacifists, or people who refuse to use force or fight in wars.

34. Pennsylvania • Quakers were greatly persecuted in England, so Penn decided to use the granted land as a “holy experiment” for using Quaker practices. • In 1682, he sailed to America and established the city of Philadelphia.

35. Pennsylvania Settlers • Penn believed that the land belonged to the Native Americans and that new settlers should have to pay them for it. • They recruited settlers by advertising the colony with pamphlets in different languages throughout Europe.

36. Delaware • The southern part of Pennsylvania was called the Three Lower Counties. • Penn allowed these lower counties to form their own legislature, but would still be governed by the Governor of Pennsylvania. • The counties would now be considered a separate colony called Delaware.

37. Conclusion • The New England Colonies were found based on religious freedom. Due to differences in ideas, settlers started to move to other regions forming new colonies. The Middle colonies were all founded for different reasons, but were all culturally diverse.

38. Assignment • Answer the four review questions for this lesson. • In your journal, compare and contrast the Puritans, Pilgrims, and Quakers. You will have a Unit 2 test after you complete Lesson 10