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COLONIAL AMERICA

COLONIAL AMERICA. Unit IB AP U.S. History. England. Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 makes England a superior naval power Population increases Joint-stock companies develop Religious conflicts divide the nation Weak monarchs, civil wars, and revolutions. English Colonies. Charters

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COLONIAL AMERICA

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  1. COLONIAL AMERICA Unit IB AP U.S. History

  2. England • Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 makes England a superior naval power • Population increases • Joint-stock companies develop • Religious conflicts divide the nation • Weak monarchs, civil wars, and revolutions

  3. English Colonies • Charters • Corporate Colony • Granted a charter to stockholders • Ex. Virginia • Proprietary Colony • Granted a charter to individual or group • Ex. Maryland, Pennsylvania • Royal Colony • Under direct control of the monarch • Ex. New Hampshire • Eventually, 8 of the 13 colonies became royal colonies, including Virginia and Massachusetts

  4. The First English Colonies • First Attempt: Roanoke in 1585 • First Permanent: Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 • John Smith – “he that will not work shall not eat” • John Rolfe - tobacco

  5. Who is this?

  6. Oh yeah…Pocahontas

  7. Disney’s John Smith

  8. Hollywood’s John Smith

  9. This is John Smith.

  10. Pilgrims • Separatists to Holland then head for Virginia • Mayflower takes Separatists and others to Jamestown but weather complicates matters • Settlers decide to remain and establish Plymouth (1620)

  11. The Mayflower (II)

  12. Look, a big rock.

  13. Wampanoag Dwelling

  14. Plymouth Colony

  15. Thirteen Colonies

  16. New England • Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritans (1630) • John Winthrop • “city upon a hill” • Rhode Island • Providence (1636) • Roger Williams • Portsmouth (1638) • Anne Hutchinson • Connecticut • Hartford (1637) • Thomas Hooker • New Haven (1638) • New Hampshire (1679)

  17. New England and Religion • Puritanical lifestyle in Massachusetts • Religious toleration and dissent Rhode Island • Roger Williams and “wall of separation” • Anne Hutchinson and Antinomianism • Halfway Covenant (1662) • Attempt to increase members • Salem Witch Trials (1692-1693) • 185 accused • 141 women; 44 men • 19 executed • 14 women; 5 men

  18. New England Politics • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) • First written constitution in America • Relations with Natives • New England Confederation (1643-1684) • Defense alliance among Plymouth, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Haven • King Philip’s (Metacom) War (1675-1676) • New England Confederation defeats Wampanoag alliance

  19. Middle Colonies • Development • New York • New Amsterdam transferred to Duke of York in 1664 • New Jersey (1702) • Pennsylvania settled by Quakers • Delaware (1702) • Economics • Develop wheat and corn farms • “Bread basket” of the colonies • Eventually into manufacturing and trade

  20. Pennsylvania • William Penn (1681) • Religious Society of Friends aka Quakers • Holy Experiment • Religious refuge • Liberal political ideals • Economic success • Frame of Government and Charter of Liberties

  21. Southern Colonies • Maryland (1634) • Lord Baltimore • Act of Toleration (1649) • Virginia (1607) • Carolinas (1663) • North Carolina (1729) • Tobacco • South Carolina (1729) • Rice and indigo • Georgia (1732) • James Oglethorpe

  22. Virginia • Jamestown (1607) • House of Burgesses in 1619 • First legislative assembly in the colonies • Becomes royal colony in 1624 • Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) • Inequities between large landowners and western farmers • Nathanial Bacon vs. William Berkeley • Headright System • 50 acres to each paying immigrant or plantation owner who paid for immigrant "Here shoot me before God, fair mark shoot.” Governor William Berkeley in response to Nathanial Bacon’s threat for demands.

  23. Georgia • James Oglethorpe establishes in 1732 • Social experiment • Defensive buffer to Spanish Florida • Debtors colony

  24. Colonial Religion • Diverse among colonies regarding strict adherence and religious toleration • Protestant dominant • Anglican Church • Congregationalist • Presbyterian • Lutheran • Catholic • The (First) Great Awakening (1730s-1740s) • Jonathan Edwards • “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” • George Whitefield • Evangelism • Baptists and Methodists

  25. Colonial Religion

  26. Colonial Politics • Limited Self-Government • Elected bicameral legislative assemblies • Governors • Local governments • Voting • Limited to adult male educated and/or property owners • Freedom of Expression • John Peter Zenger Case (1735)

  27. Dominion of New England (1686-1689) Established by King James II to consolidate colonies Administrative union of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey Governor Edmund Andros Dissolution

  28. American Social Structure Wealthy landowners Merchants Small farmers Craftspeople Slaves Regional differences Opportunity Less dependent on heredity Gender Roles Men Patriarchal society, landowners, workers Women Submissive to men but respected, domestic responsibilities, limited to no political rights Becoming American Pragmatism Dominance of English culture Folkways Regional differences Colonial Society And Colonial Culture

  29. Colonial Culture - The Arts • Architecture • Early colonies centered around a church • Urban structures typical of English structures • Frontier log cabins • Literature • Newspapers • Religious sermons, political essays, non-fiction books • Poor Richard’s Almanac - Benjamin Franklin

  30. Colonial Culture - Education • Limited to wealthy males; females learned domestic chores • Higher Education • Most established for ministry/theological studies • New England Colonies • Education by mothers • Towns with over 50 families required primary schools; over 100 families, required grammar schools • Middle Colonies • Private and church education • Southern Colonies • Limited education due to agricultural lifestyle

  31. Settlement and Migration • 250,000 in 1701 to 2.5 million in 1775 • Europeans and Africans along with a high birth rate • Reasons: religion; economics; political turmoil • English, Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch), Scottish, Irish, Dutch, Swedish  OLD IMMIGRANTS • Africans forced to America; suffered discrimination and slave labor

  32. Colonial Slavery • Indentured servitude • Why Slaves? • Increased wages in England • Labor shortages lead to importing slaves • Cheap labor • Dependable work force • Slave Rebellions and Reactions • Stono Rebellion/Cato Rebellion (1739) • New York “Conspiracy” (1741) • Slave laws

  33. Slave Demographics

  34. Colonial Economics • Mercantilism • Colonies for the “Mother Country” • Acts of Navigation • Trade on English ships • Imports pass English ports • Exports to England • Molasses Act (1733) • Triangular Trade • Middle Passage

  35. Colonial Economics • Money • Commodity money (gold/silver) • Fiat money (paper currency) • Transportation • Rivers and coasts • Horse and carriage • Taverns and postal services • New England • Shipbuilding and manufacturing • Lumber • Fishing and whaling • Merchants/Trade • Middle Colonies • Wheat and corn • Lumber • Manufacturing • Merchants/Trade • Southern Colonies • Plantation systems • Tobacco, rice, indigo • Forced labor • Indentured servants and slaves

  36. () - Becomes an English colony

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