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Wheelock Chapter 17. The Relative Pronoun. Relative Pronoun. Quī , quae, quod Who/which/that Relative clause Modifies its antecedent “The man who was from Italy” = “the Italian man”. Singular. Plural. Translate. Which: use it when the clause is nonessential
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Wheelock Chapter 17 The Relative Pronoun
Relative Pronoun • Quī, quae, quod • Who/which/that • Relative clause • Modifies its antecedent • “The man who was from Italy” = “the Italian man”
Translate • Which: use it when the clause is nonessential • That: use it when the clause is essential • Who: use it when it’s a person • Whom: Same as who only not the subject
Usage • Relative pronouns agree with their antecedents in number and gender • The case is dependent on the use in the clause • The woman whom you are praising is wise. • Main clause: The woman . . . is wise. • Relative clause: whom you are praising • “Whom” will be feminine singular like its antecedent (woman) • “Whom” will be accusative as the direct object • Thus, “quam”
Examples: • Puellacui rosamdatestfortūnāta. • The girl to whom he gives a rose is fortunate. • Puercuiuspatremiuvābāmusestfortis. • The boy whose father we used to help is brave. • Timeō idem perīculumquod timētis. • I fear the same danger which you all fear.
Identify the relative clause: • The man who has friends is rich. • The girl whom I kissed slapped me. • The car that I drive is faster than a cheetah. • The family that prays together stays together. • The relative clause, to which you have already been introduced, is quite helpful. • Rome, which is the capital of Italy, is quite lovely this time of year. • The deal, about which we have spoken, is advantageous.
Identify the relative clause: • Homōdēquōdīcēbāsestamīcus bonus. • Illīquōrumvirtūtēslaudāsmendacessunt. • Cīvemlaudāvēruntquemmīserātis. • Cīvemlaudāvēruntquōsmīseratis.
Answer/Translate • What determines the case of the relative pronoun? • In what ways does a relative pronoun agree with its antecedent? • Bisvincitquīsēvincit in victōriā. • Levis estfortūna: id citorepōscit quod dedit. • Hello, my friend, to whom I sent my son!
Vocabulary Quiz 9. He alleviated her stress, making her burden _________. 10. It made an indelible impression, one which was incapable of being _________.
Decline quī (the masculine form only). Decline quod (the neuter form only). “Who” is used for the ________ of a sentence while “whom” is used for an __________ of a sentence. “That” introduces an ________ relative clause, but “which” introduces a ______ relative clause.
Amat puellam cui dīcit. Homōdēquōdīcēbāsestamīcus bonus. AecusōlimregēbatAegīnam, quae nōmensuumcēperatāmātreAeacī. Iuvāmē, fīliumtuum, quemamās. Coepit opus quod in libellō est. (opus, operis is neuter and means “work” as in a “work of art” or a “work of prose.”)
A relative pronoun introduces a dependent clause known as a _________ clause and refers back to a noun called its _______________. • The ______ of a relative pronoun is determined by its use in its own clause. • Give the gender, number, case, and antecedent for cui in the following sentence: • Salvē, bone amīce, cui fīliummeummīsī. • Give gender, number, case, antecedent for quae in the following sentence: • Multīcīvēsperīcula quae videntneglegunt. • Supply the correct form of the relative pronoun and translate: • Aetās dē _________ dīxistīeratnimiumdifficilis. • Ubi suntomnēsaudītōrēs ________ exspectābās?