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Learning and Memory

Learning and Memory. How We Learn and Remember and how it relates to games. Learning Theory. Motivation Games and Gamification Zone of Proximal Development. What keeps us doing what we are doing?. Motivation. Types of Motivation. Forced / Unforced Do this or fail

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Learning and Memory

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  1. Learning and Memory How We Learn and Remember and how it relates to games

  2. Learning Theory • Motivation • Games and Gamification • Zone of Proximal Development

  3. What keeps us doing what we are doing? Motivation

  4. Types of Motivation • Forced / Unforced • Do this or fail • Pleasurable / Not Pleasurable • Obvious / not obvious desire • Predictable

  5. Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation • Intrinsic: • Self Motivation • We have little control • Extrinsic • Give a reward • When the reward stop, behavior stops • So do skills and knowledge

  6. Positive Reinforcement • Fixed Rate / Variable Rate • Fixed Ratio / Variable Ratio • Ratio: ratio of output to rate

  7. Variable Rate, Variable Time • Any Time or Any Size Reward • Addictive and powerful

  8. How do games relate to motivation? Gamification

  9. Games for Motivation • Pleasure, reward, and time • Not forced, Predictable, Not obvious desire • Flow is the state between Anxiety and Boredom

  10. Why Do People Play? • Mastery • De-Stress • Fun • Socializing

  11. Why We Play (Another Theory) • Hard Fun • Try to win • Easy Fun • Explore the system • Altered States • Changes the way you feel about yourself • Social Fun • Engage with others

  12. Progression to Mastery: A Theory • People play games to master an idea • We diet to master our weight

  13. Progress To Mastery

  14. How do we learn new things? Learning New Knowledge

  15. Looking at Learning Theory • What is Knowledge? • How can we measure it? • How do we gain new knowledge? • Zone of Proximal Development • A theory for teaching and learning

  16. What is Knowledge? • What does it mean to “know” something? • Write down 1 thing you know • & why do you think you “know” that?

  17. How can test what is Known? • I know some words in Japanese/Korean • Do I know Japanese/Korean? • Do you know Calculus?

  18. Zone of Proximal Development • Sometimes called ZPD in texts • Getting to new Knowledge • It is easier to learn new things closer to what we already know • Scaffolding: • Building the bridge to knew knowledge • Something educators do to assist learning

  19. Tips for ZPD & Scaffolding • Figure out Prior Knowledge • Have them use Prior Knowledge • Help them do the new skill • Use the new skill in groups • Use the new skill alone • Reflect & Try Something New • Show & Tell • Use Visual Aids • Ask Questions • Refine and Review

  20. Resources: • Gamification by Design • By Gabe Zichermann & Christopher Cunningham • Gamification Master Class • with Gabe Zichermann

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