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Survival Factors

This study explores the survivability factors in airplane accidents for parachutists, focusing on restraints and protection. Findings show that single-point restraints are ineffective, and dual-point restraints are more promising for enhanced safety.

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Survival Factors

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  1. Survival Factors

  2. Was this Accident Survivable? • Airplane loading in the survivable range • Survivable space in airplane cabin • Parachutists seated aft of intrusion • Two parachutists survived • Survival dependent on • Restraint use and design • Protection from intrusion • Protection from objects and other parachutists

  3. Parachutists’ Restraints • Airplane modified to carry up to 22 parachutists • Single-point restraints attached to sidewall seat track • Designed to pass through parachute harness and anchor to seat track

  4. Parachutists’ Restraints

  5. Sample Parachutist Restraint

  6. Evidence of Restraint Use

  7. Onboard Helmet Camera Videos • Aft-facing seating position • Four parachutists seated on foam block benches • Two pairs of tandem jumpers • Three parachutists seated on floor

  8. NOSE Seating Chart

  9. Safety Issues: Restraints • Previous recommendations (closed) • FAA research on parachutists’ restraints • FAA research • Single-point restraints ineffective • Symmetrical, dual-point restraints function better than single-point restraints • Floor mounted • Accident airplane could not be configured with a similar symmetrical dual-point restraint • Future testing could identify best dual-point restraint method

  10. Summary • Single-point restraint does not provide adequate restraint • Fewer fatalities and injuries may result with more effective restraints • Testing could identify best dual-point restraint

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