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MAMMARY IMMUNE SYSTEM Lactation Biology Animal Science 337

MAMMARY IMMUNE SYSTEM Lactation Biology Animal Science 337. Leo Timms Iowa State University. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE UDDER. Mammary Defense Mechanisms. Teat * placement. skin. Teat Shape *. * heritable. *. *. * heritable. The Mammary Gland. Keratin

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MAMMARY IMMUNE SYSTEM Lactation Biology Animal Science 337

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  1. MAMMARY IMMUNE SYSTEM Lactation BiologyAnimal Science 337 Leo Timms Iowa State University

  2. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYOF THE UDDER

  3. Mammary Defense Mechanisms Teat * placement skin Teat Shape * * heritable

  4. * * * heritable

  5. The Mammary Gland Keratin epithelial cells, fatty acids & cationic proteins Streak Canal

  6. The Mammary Gland Leukocyte Influx to Teat Cistern Furstenburg’s Rosette

  7. MAMMARY GLAND IMMUNE SYSTEM • Depends on mammary gland status • Lactating vs. Dry (involuted) • Normal (uninfected) vs. inflamed

  8. NORMAL LACTATING GLAND (milk) • Cellular: • < 100,000 cells/ml (WBC or SCC) • MǾ: 60-80% • PMN: 10-30% • Lymphocytes: ~ 10 % (T and B) • (some local Ig synthesis) • Humoral: • Low levels of Ig, complement, lactoferrin

  9. INFECTED LACTATING GLAND (milk) • Cellular: • > 200,000 cells/ml (WBC or SCC) • MǾ: 10 - 40%% • PMN: 50 - 90% • Lymphocytes: ~ 10 % (T and B) • (some local Ig synthesis) • Humoral: • Higher levels of Ig, complement, lactoferrin

  10. NORMAL DRY GLAND Cellular: Day in dry period . 50 d dry 1 2+3 10 10-25 25-45 45-50 cells/ml < 5 X 105 >106 >106 >106 Cell type MǾ PMN PMN/ MǾ Lym/ MǾ MǾ Humoral: Lactoferrin high Complement low Ig: increase through dry period (colostrum) • DILUTION? • SUSCEPTIBILITY?

  11. Natural Teat Sealing

  12. ‘Open’ teats observed using the same method in NZ and Canada

  13. Results Quarter Closure: Variable between herds

  14. Results Hazard Ratio = 0.56 P < 0.01

  15. > 20% of heifer teats are open prior to calving!!!

  16. #’s or levels don’t tell whole story • Poor Ig transport across • blood-milk membrane • selective: colostrum (specific!) • Non specific: leakage • (not specific for Ag) • Immunize: IM, IP, IMM • (local vs. systemic Ig)

  17. #’s or levels don’t tell whole story • Cells in milk poorer than blood • Lack of energy (glucose) • Lose 40% of granules • crossing membrane • Cells phagocytize fat and protein

  18. CAN SCC GET TOO LOW?

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