Period 4

1. Period 4 Place in Slide show mode

2. Overview of Period 4 • Empires and other political systems • Other seas empires • Ottoman Empire • Mughal • Ming China • Russia Empire • Japan • Hemispheric Exchange • Columbian Exchange • Triangular trade • Systems of Slavery • Slave trade • Cultural and Intellectual changes • Protestant and Catholic Reformation • Scientific Revolution • The Enlightenment

3. Quiz

4. Question 1 • Mercantilism • Did not affect empires that were not based in Europe • Brought long-term prosperity to Europe • Encouraged the importation of foreign goods • Supported free trade • Sparked further rivalries among European nations

5. Question 2 • In the early eighteenth century, the political system where citizens enjoyed the greatest amount of self-rule was • Japan • Russia • France • England • The Ottoman Empire

6. Question 3 • Both the Russian Empire and Ming China • Became increasingly more traditional after the expulsion of the Mongols • Improved the position of women in the period 1450-1750 • Established policies that were a reaction to the Mongol presence in central Asia • Cooperated with the established religion in their respective countries • Enjoyed a surge of renewed industrial growth after the collapse of the Mongol Empire

7. Question 4 • A comparison of the reactions of Japan and China to European influence in the period 1450-1750 show that • The Chinese persecuted Christian missionaries about the same time that the Japanese gave them some acceptance • Japan saw the need or knowledge of Western development, but China did not • Both excluded foreigners from trading at their ports • European philosophy was accepted, but Western technology was not • Both tolerated European influence in their culture in order to actively participate in global trade

8. Question 5 • Compared to the Spanish Empire that of the Portuguese • Developed a more egalitarian society • Ws more global in its extant • Was less influenced by the Roman Catholic Church • Developed a better relationship with Indian inhabitants • Was more strictly controlled by the government in Europe

9. Question 6 • The Mughal Empire • Failed to ease tensions between Hindus and Muslims in India • Controlled the entire Indian subcontinent • Terminated in the return of a traditional centralized government in India • Produced art and architecture that reflected syncretism • Placed women in a more subordinate position than before Mughal rule

10. Question 7 • The Ottoman Empire • Weakened because its technology fell behind that of Europe • Unlike the Mughal Empire, was not a gun-powder empire • Was unsuccessful in controlling European territory • Reached its height around 1750 • Prohibited the use of forced labor

11. Question 8 • The Nation-state • was embraced by the Ottoman Empire • Arose in Europe because of its diversity of cultural groups • Was incompatible with absolute monarchies • Was not limited to definite borders • Promoted harmony among Europeans

12. Question 9 • European exploration • Were dependent on European technological innovation • Promoted harmony among the nations of Europe • Sought to break established trade monopolies • Concentrated on the Americas • Interfered with the growth of capitalism

13. Question 10 • The Columbian Exchange • Improved the nutrition of American indigenous peoples • Did not involve Africa • Drew the world’s oceans into an active trade network • Produced both positive and adverse effects on world population • Did not affect East Asia

14. Question 11 • The English and French engaged in rivalries over territory on • Indonesia • China • North America • East Africa • Western Africa

15. Question 12 • Te region with the greatest number of colonial and commercial competitors was • The western coast of Africa • Indonesia • The Caribbean islands • The Philippines • Japan

16. Question 13 • The Netherlands established commercial or colonial interests in all of the following areas EXCEPT • Southern Africa • South American • Western Africa • North America • Japan

17. Question 14 • Which of the following regions sustained trade patterns that were the most different from the others before the eighteenth century? • Japan • Indonesia • China • Mughal India • Russia

18. Question 15 • Which drop arrived in the Americas as part of the Columbian Exchange and later became a key product of the Americas? • Tobacco • Sugar • Sweet potatoes • Bananas • Manioc

19. Question 16 • As a result of hemispheric trade between 1450 and 1750, • The entire globe was linked by numerous active trade routes • European governments lost influence to the power of the great trading companies • The work of African artisans found new markets • The Ottoman Empire strengthened its hold on European territory • European wealth and commercial dominance increased

20. Question 17 • African Kingdoms in the period from 1450 to 1750 • Featured monarchs who ruled without advisors • Frequently enslaved their own people • Like the Chinese, were not interested in European trade goods • Ruled without the use of military units • Were involved in the slave trade before the arrival of Europeans

21. Question 18 • Compared to the trans-Atlantic slave trade, that of eastern Africa • Involved only European nations • Acquired slaves from coastal areas only • Did not involve central Africa • Became a model for European slave systems • Also involved the plantations system

22. Question 19 • Within Africa, the slave trade • Increased African dependence on European nations • Decreased the value of women slaves • Had little effect on central African kingdoms • Promoted unity among African kingdoms • Concentrated on western Africa

23. Question 20 • Historians searching for the earliest models of European plantation slavery would need to study • Plantation society on Indian Ocean islands • The history of the Madeira and Canary islands • Sugar plantations in the West Indies • Cotton plantations in British North America • Slavery among the Dutch in Cape Colony

24. Question 21 • The African slave trade • Had no ties to Middle Eastern trade • Was frequently the result of African rivalries • Was abolished by the Dutch in southern Africa • Was limited to the Atlantic Ocean • Replaced trade in Gold and ivory

25. Question 22 • The trans-Atlantic slave trade • Produced average mortality rates of over 50 percent along the Middle passage • Carried the majority of slaves to North America • Increased after the establishment of sugar plantations • Was separate from triangular trade patterns • Carried more women than men

26. Question 23 • When the Portuguese first became involved in the Slave trade • They were uninterested in Christianizing African people • They were interested primarily in gold and spices • They were amazed at the poverty of African kingdoms • They created the African slave trade • They bypassed trade relations with sub-Saharan Africa

27. Question 24 • Sugar Plantations • Were initially founded in the Caribbean • Required fewer slaves than the cotton and rice fields of North America • Were the ultimate destination of the first Portuguese slaves • Especially valued slaves from western Africa • Competed with triangular trade

28. Question 25 • Both the Protestant Reformation and the Enlightenment • Questioned political authority • Lowered the status of women • Upheld church traditions • Relied on reason over faith • Remained confined to Europe

29. Question 26 • The Protestant Reformation • Strengthened the authority of the papacy • Spread because of advances in Chinese and European technology • Became the basis of Enlightenment thought • Diminished the achievement of the commercial revolution • Was carried by Jesuits to the Western hemisphere

30. Question 27 • All of the following describe the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT that • It emphasized the value of research • It described the nature of the universe • Some of its beliefs were openly opposed by the Roman Catholic Church • It was modeled on Chinese philosophy • It believed in the overall goodness of Humanity

31. Question 28 • Enlightenment thought • Resulted in harsher punishment for criminals • Treated children in miniature adults • Resembled Renaissance thought • Was not embraced by the women’s movement • Introduced economic theories that supported mercantilism

32. Question 29 • The Protestant and Catholic reformations were alike • In their attitudes toward money-making • In their reliance on church councils • In their views toward papal authority • In their abandonment of church traditions • In their emphasis on education

33. Question 30 • The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment • Both held that reason could be used to improve humanity • Broke completely with classical traditions • Supported the ideas of the Roman Catholic Church concerning the nature of the universe • Were global movements • Continued medieval traditions

34. Question 31 • Which of the following is NOT a finding of the Scientific Revolution or the Enlightenment • Planetary motion • Heliocentric theory • Movable type • The circulatory system • The social contact

35. Question 32 • Which of the following concepts of the eriods 1450-1750 did NOT rely on natural laws? • Predestination • Deism • Laissez-faire philosophy • The social contract • The theory of gravity