TRI µ P Laser Spectroscopy: Status and Future

TRIµP Laser Spectroscopy: Status and Future U Dammalapati TRIP Facility Lasers for Na -decay Ra Spectroscopy & EDM Towards cooling of Heavy Alkaline Earth Elements Outlook

TRIP Facility Beyond The Standard Model TeV Physics AGOR Production Target Magnetic Separator Ion Catcher RFQ Cooler Optical Trap Energy: MeV eV neV keV Particle Physics Nuclear Physics Atomic Physics TRIµP – Trapped Radioactive Isotopes: µ-laboratories for fundamental Physics G P Berg, U Dammalapati, P G Dendooven, O Dermois, G Ebberink, M N Harakeh, R Hoekstra, L Huisman, K Jungmann, H Kiewiet, R Morgenstern, G Onderwater, A Rogachevskiy, M Sanchez-Vega, M Sohani, M Stokroos, R Timmermans, E Traykov, L Willmann and H W Wilschut RFQ prototype test and simulations E Traykov Separator commissioning Successful A Rogachevskiy Charge exchange at low energies L Willmann

Na-decay J p q Double differential decay probability: • - angular correlations in nuclear • -decay • Suitable isotope 21Na p, q 1MeV/c 260 a.u. Erecoil= (p +q)2/2Mrecoil  100 eV  3.6 a.u.

Violation of T-Symmetry H= -(d.E+µ.B) d- EDM µ - magnetic dipole moment I - Nuclear spin Limit for nuclear EDM Hg d< 2.1 x 10–28 e cm M. V. Romalis et al. Phys.Rev.Lett. 86, 2505 (2001) Radium: Excellent candidate V. A. Dzuba et al. Phys. Rev.A61 062509(2000) EDMsviolate - Parity - Time Reversal

7s 7p 1P1 1488 nm  2.8 m 1438 nm 2 1 0 7s 6d 1D2 3 2 1 7s 6d 3D 7s 7p 3P 714 nm 7s2 1S0 Radium Atomic Structure Spectroscopy of P and D states • Lifetime measurement • Energy level spacing • Hyperfine structure • Needed for atomic structure • calculations 482.7 nm Calculations done by K Pachuki and Flaumbam, Dzuba et al. Energy level data: E. Rasmussen, Z. Phys. 86, 24 (1933) and 87, 607 (1934); H.N. Russel, Phys. Rev. 46, 989 (1934)

6s 6p 1P1 1130 nm 6s 6p 3P 2 1 0 1499 nm 6s 5d 1D2  3 m 1108 nm 553.7 nm 6s 5d 3D 791.3 nm  – 1.4 µsec Is=30µW/cm2 6s2 1S0 Heavy Alkaline Earth Element: Barium Spectroscopy of P and D states  – 8.4nsec Is=14mW/cm2 • Life time measurement • Hyperfine structure • Laser cooling of barium • Develop trapping strategy 3 2 1

Optical fiber from 791.3 nm diode laser Collimator B PMT Ba Oven 500C /2 PD BS Power Stabilization M1 Dye Laser 553.7 nm AOM Coherent 699 Single mode dye laser Verdi pump at 532 nm

Fluorescence at 553.7 nm from different Ba isotopes 138Ba  Polarization plane Counts [kHz] PMT 137Ba F=5/2 136Ba Frequency [MHz] 137Ba F=5/2 in Polarization plane 138Ba Counts [kHz] 135Ba PMT Frequency [MHz]

Hanle effect 136Ba 138Ba Counts [kHz] Counts [kHz] • Life time of 1P1 state • Plaser B field • eff = h/(2 gJ  B1/2) • eff = 8 nsec  0.5sec Magnetic Field [G] Magnetic Field [G] Counts [kHz] Counts [kHz] 136Ba 138Ba Magnetic Field [G] Magnetic Field [G]

6s 6p 1P1 8.4 nsec 6s 6p 3P 60% 1.4 µsec 1  3 m 553.7 nm 6s 5d 3D 791.3 nm 40% 6s2 1S0 Intercombination line 1S0–3P1 3 2 1 Creation of intense beam of meta-stable D-state atoms

FM Saturated absorption spectroscopy of I2 Lock-In Amp Feedback Control PD VCO M1 /4 AOM I2 Oven (560ºC) BS Diode Laser 791.3 nm M3 BS w=90.5kHz f=f0+f1 Sin(wt) Reference Line P(52)(0-15) transition To Beat note 599 MHz away from 1S0–3P1 in 138Ba Lock point

Hyperfine Splitting of1S0–3P1transition in an External Magnetic field  = gJµ mJ B IS = 138Ba–136Ba= 108.5 (3) MHz 2.3 MHz

Outlook Laser Cooling of Barium • Diode Laser for 1P1–1D2 transition @1500nm and for 1P1–3D2and 1P1–3D1 transitions @1130&1108nm) Towards Radium • Laser @482.5nm for 1S0–1P1 transition by frequency doubling Ti:Sapp Laser • Production of Radium at TRIµP by end of 2004 • Spectroscopy in a Radium beam

Producing light for Ra 1S0-1P1transiton Faraday Isolator M1 Ti:Sapp BS KNb03 Dichroic Mirror AR HR Split PD PD M2 PZT Telescope R=-50mm, HR485 nm & 970 nm • Second harmonic generation in linear cavity using KNbO3 (b-cut, 19°) 3 or 5mm; • temperature tunable and high efficiency • Wavelength tunable from 480 nm (10°C) to 490 nm (40°C) Blue output

TRI µ P Laser Spectroscopy: Status and Future