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Exploring the Groups of the Periodic Table: Metals and Their Properties

Learn about different groups of elements on the periodic table including metals, metalloids, and nonmetals. Discover the characteristics such as shininess, malleability, ductility, conductivity, and reactivity. Understand the unique properties of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, carbon family, nitrogen family, oxygen family, halogen family, noble gases, metalloids, lanthanides, actinides, and synthetic elements. Watch the video for a visual guide on the groups of the periodic table and their distinct features.

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Exploring the Groups of the Periodic Table: Metals and Their Properties

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  1. Groups of the Periodic Table of Elements Metals vary in Shininess - Malleablility- Ductility- Conductivity- Reactivity-

  2. Alkali Metals – Group 1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY • The most reactive metals. • React with other elements by losing 1 electron • So reactive they are never found alone in nature. • Examples—Na sodium and K potassium

  3. Alkaline Earth Metals-Group 2 • React by losing 2 electrons • Good conductors of electricity • Not as reactive as Group 1 but more reactive than most metals • Are also never found uncombined in nature • Examples Mg magnesium and Ca calcium

  4. Transition Metals-Groups 3-12 • Includes familiar metals such as Fe iron Cu copper Au gold Ag silver Ni nickel • Most are hard and shiny • Good conductors of electricity • Not very reactive other than they rust-oxidation • Many form colorful compounds (used in paints)

  5. Metals in MixedGroupsGroups 13-15 • Only some are metals –MIXED groups • Less reactive • Al aluminumSn tin Pb lead

  6. Carbon Family-Group 14 • Carbon is the only element in Group 14 that is a nonmetal • These elements gain, lose, or share 4 electrons • Carbon is found in all living things = organic • Most fuels contain carbon

  7. Nitrogen Family-Group15 • N nitrogen and P phosphorus are nonmetals • Gain or share 3 electrons

  8. Oxygen Family-Group 16 • Gain or share 2 electrons • Contains 3 nonmetals • O oxygen • S sulfur • Se selenium • Oxygen is highly reactive and can combine with almost every element.

  9. Oxygen • Oxygen exists as O2 (a diatomic molecule) in the air we breathe • Oxygen also forms O3 called ozone (a triatomic molecule) which collects in the upper atmosphere where it screens out harmful radiation from the sun. • Ozone is a dangerous pollutant at ground level because it is highly reactive. • Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust and the second-most abundant element in the atmosphere. (The first is nitrogen.)

  10. Halogen Family-Group 17 • Halogens are nonmetals except for At astatine • Fl flourineCl chlorine Br bromine and I iodine • are the most reactive nonmetals • Have similar properties-gain or share one electron • Salt forming • Very reactive • Uncombined elements are dangerous to humans

  11. More on Halogens • Fl is so reactive it reacts with almost every other known substance. • Water will burn in Fl • Cl gas is extremely dangerous- • but ok in small amounts to kill bacteria in water. • Br liquid will burn skin

  12. Noble Gases-Group 18 • Do not ordinarily form compounds because atoms of noble gases do not usually gain, lose or share electrons. • Stable-unreactive • 8 valence electrons (except helium which has 2)

  13. Hydrogen • Can not be grouped into a family because it is so different.

  14. Metalloids • Along the border between metals and nonmetals • Have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals • Varying ability to conduct electricity depending on • temperature • light • impurities • makes them useful in semiconductors.

  15. Lanthanides • Top row at bottom of periodic table • Soft, malleable, shiny metals • High conductivity • Mixed with more common metals to make alloys. • Alloy-mixture of a metal with at least one other element.

  16. Actinides • Row of elements at bottom of Periodic Table below the Lanthanides. • U uranium is used to produce energy in nuclear power plants • Nuclei are very unstable-break apart quickly • Synthetic Elements atomic # above 92 are man made by particle accelerators which force atoms to crash together. • Exception—Neptunium and ___have been found in nature

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