YOUTH AND SKILLS Putting education to work

1. YOUTH AND SKILLSPutting education to work Name Event Location, date 2012 @efareport / #YouthSkillsWork

2. Key messages: EFA Global Monitoring Report 2012 • Progress towards Education for All is stagnating • Aid to education is slowing down • Slow progress has left a huge skills deficit among young people • Poor urban and rural youth, especially women, urgently need support to acquire skills

3. Progress towards EFA is stagnating • Goal 1: Early childhood care and education • 171 million children under 5 were affected by moderate or severe stunting in 2010. • Less than half went to pre-school in 2010; less than 1 in 6 in low-income countries. • Goal 2: Universal primary education • Number out of school stagnated at 61 million in 2010, half live in sub-Saharan Africa. • Of 100 children not in school, 47 expected never to enter. • 4 in 10 drop out in half of poor countries. • 38% in sub-Saharan Africa start 2 or more years late.

4. Progress towards UPE has ground to a halt Number of out-of-school children of primary school age, 1999–2010

5. Progress towards EFA is stagnating • Goal 3: Youth and adult learning needs • In poorer countries, only one half of young people enrol in lower secondary school. • 71 million adolescents are out of school, remaining unchanged since 2007. • Goal 4: Adult literacy • 775 million adults could not read or write in 2010, two-thirds of whom are still women. • Even in rich countries, 160 million adults have poor literacy skills.

6. Progress towards EFA is stagnating • Goal 5: Gender parity and equality • In 17 countries, there are fewer than 9 girls in primary school for every 10 boys. • Boys are disadvantaged in over half the 97 countries that have not achieved gender parity in secondary school. Goal 6: Quality of education • Of 650 million children of primary-school age, at least 250 million could be failing to read or count. • In 33 countries, less than three-quarters of primary school teachers were trained to the national standard.

7. Financing Education for All Most poor countrieshave maintained or increased their education spending. These countries also need aid: In 9 Sub-Saharan African countries, donors fund more than a quarter of public spending on education. BUT donors are not keeping their promise in Dakar in 2000 to ensure no countries seriously committed to Education for All will be thwarted by a lack of resources. • $16 billion needed for basic education in low income countries – but only $1.9 billion provided in aid in 2010. • An additional $8 billion needed to send all young people to lower secondary school. There is a big funding gap:

8. Has aid to education reached its peak? Total aid to education disbursements, 2002 to 2010 Source: OECD-DAC (2012).

9. Aid needs to be spent on education and skills in poor countries For some donors, a large proportion of ‘aid’ never leaves the country Source: OECD-DAC (2012).

10. How much do donors spend on skills development?

11. Youth and skills

12. Pathways to skills One in four young people is in a job being paid less than $1.25 per day One in eight young people is unemployed One in five young people in developing countries has not completed primary school One in six of the world’s people is aged between 15-24-years-old Six in ten Africans are under 25 years old

13. Pathways to skills • Technical and vocational skills • Transferable skills • Foundation Skills

14. Pathways to skills Young people learn transferableskills and technical and vocational at upper secondary school. A primary and lower secondary education gives young people foundation skills.

15. Pathways to skills Work-based training teaches transferable and technical and vocational skills through direct work experience. 200 million young people need a second chance.

16. Pathways to skills

17. Education and skills contributes to growth Skills development and economic growth in the Republic of Korea and Ghana Secondary education gross enrolment ratio Economic growth Sources: UIS database and World Bank (2012).

18. Many young people are unable to acquire foundation skills Education status of 15- to 19-year-olds, by country, latest available year Source: GMR team analysis based on UIS (2012a).

19. Many young people lack foundation skills In 30 out of 59 countries, more than half of youth lack foundation skills Source: GMR team analysis based on UIS (2012).

20. Urban poverty reduces chances of acquiring skills Percentage of 15-24 year-olds leaving before completing lower secondary school Urban poorest are at a greater disadvantage than rural poorest Rural poorest are at a greater disadvantage than urban poorest 90% 82% 69% 57% 31% 7% Source: GMR team analysis based on UIS (2012).

21. Poor, rural young women lack skills the most Percentage of youth (age 15 to 24) with less than lower secondary education, by gender, in rural areas Females are at a disadvantage Gender parity Males are at a disadvantage Source: GMR team analysis based on UIS (2012).

22. Delivering skills through secondary schooling

23. Delivering skills training to urban poor youth

24. Delivering skills training to poor rural youth

25. What governments and aid donors should do Governments • Prioritize second chance programmes in national plans • Ensure education gives youth relevant skills for work • Target youth in poor rural and urban areas, especially women Aid donors • Increase aid for lower secondary and second chance education • Reallocate aid spent on those studying in their own countries • Replicate successes of BRICs in poor countries

26. What the private sector and youth should do Private sector • Step up financial support to Education for All • Expand their own skills development programmes to reach disadvantaged young people • Align support with national government priorities, including through training funds Young people • Join us in calling on governments to provide skills programmes for disadvantaged young people • Spread the word when we publish a youth version of our report in November

27. www.efareport.unesco.org Blog: efareport.wordpress.com Twitter: @efareport #YouthSkillsWork