Scanning

1. Dr. Sarwet Rasul Scanning

2. Reading Reading is a complex activity of recognizing words and decoding their meanings in order to understand the main idea of a text. The text may be in the form of a book, a newspaper, an article, a journal, a banner, a pamphlet, fax, an e-mail etc.

3. Cont. Reading is an essential component throughout education. It enables students to be successful in all areas of the curricula. (Cripe and Vetter, 2011: p.3) To comprehend the art of reading, certain skills and strategies are developed that make reading easier.

4. Review of the previous lesson • What is skimming • Skimming in Everyday Life • Difference between Skimming and Scanning • Degrees of Skimming • Types of Skimming • Exercises and Activities on Skimming

5. Today’s Lesson • What is scanning? • Definitions of scanning • Scanning in daily life- Where do we use scanning? • Difference in skimming and scanning • How to scan? Or Steps of scanning • Advantages and disadvantages of scanning • Activities to practice scanning

6. Scanning If skimming is to run our eye on the text to find the general idea, scanning is to look for a specific piece of information What do we scan in our daily lives?

7. Here are a few examples! Dictionary Directory Time table Schedule A particular date in a book etc.

8. What is Scanning? • Scanning means reading to find specific information. You have a specific target and you search the text quickly for the information you need. • Scanning is a reading skill used to locate key or specific information quickly, e.g. dates, numbers, examples & definitions. (https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/1_studyskills/study_tuts/reading_LL/scan.html) • Scanning involves moving your eyes quickly down the page seeking specific words and phrases. (http://www.ababasoft.com/wider_eye_span/scan.htm)

9. A few more definitions of scanning • Scanning is one of the reading skills you require to locate information quickly in the index of a textbook. (Glendinning and Holmström, 2004: p.18) • When scanning you don't start from the beginning and read to the end.  Instead, what you do is jump around in the text, trying to find the information you need. You probably already scan the TV guide, the phone book, or the dictionary, but it is possible to improve your scanning skills. Effective scanning techniques can be useful in any academic setting. (http://www.angelfire.com/blues/writing/scanscim.html)

10. Scanning Tasks Typical scanning tasks include searching a text for a particular quotation, someone’s name, a particular date or number, or a particular word; or searching a list for a telephone number, someone’s name, or a particular word or phrase. (Nation, 2009: p.70)

11. Just to Refresh!Difference between skimming and scanning In skimming the reader goes through a text quickly, not noting every word but trying to get the main idea of what the text is about. This is sometimes called getting the gist of the text. Scanning involves searching for a particular piece of information in a text, such as looking for a particular name or a particular number. (Nation, 2009: p.70)

12. Cont… Difference between skimming and scanning • Skimming requires a greater degree of reading and word recognition skills as it involves a more thorough understanding of the text. • Scanning to find a particular piece of information can be achieved successfully by relatively poor readers. (Littlejohn and Hicks 1998: p.152)

13. Example of the difference of Skimming and Scanning We skim through a report to have rough idea of what it says but we scan a page of the telephone directory to find a particular name or number. Can you think of one example to explain the difference in skimming and scanning?

14. Another Example When you read the weather forecast in a newspaper you may skim over all the headings until you find the place you are looking for. You then scan the information about that place looking for the information you need, such as ‘heavy rain’ or ‘cloudy’. (www.skillsactive.org.nz/assets/.../sheet1-active_reading.pdf)

15. How to Scan? When you read (for scanning) you have to be aware of the non-verbal signals of a text. Different stylistic features such as italics or bold face, photographs, figures, bars and graphs act as useful pointers to a text. (Konar, 2009: p.154) When scanning, look for the author's use of organizers such as numbers, letters, steps, or the words, first, second, or next. Look for words that are in a different font size, style, or color. Sometimes the author will put key ideas in the margin.

16. More on the Techniques of Scanning While scanning, the reader should have a mental picture of what he is looking for. He glances swiftly down the page and verifies the information carefully.

17. Some More Scanning Tips Know what you're looking for. Decide on a few key words or phrases–search terms, if you will. Look for only one keyword at a time. If you use multiple keywords, do multiple scans. Let your eyes float rapidly down the page until you find the word or phrase you want. When your eye catches one of your keywords, read the surrounding material carefully. (http://www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/readingstrategies/skimming_scanning.html)

18. A picture can also be taken as a hint while scanning a text.

19. Where do we use scanning? • Scanning is used often with technical, scientific or professional materials to locate specific information. •  Scanning is a valuable skill for second language learners to develop because often they do not require a detailed read of a text. There are many everyday uses for scanning, relevant to a purpose, such as reading a schedule.  (http://fis.ucalgary.ca/Brian/611/readingtype.html#scanning)

20. When is Scanning useful? • Scanning is useful when you want to find a date, a key word, a number or an amount. For example, when you are doing research on screwdrivers, you glance through various books and magazines and stop when you see anything about screwdrivers. You scan the page by looking down the page for the word in which you are interested. You can also look through the book or magazine for a picture of a screwdriver. (Pilbeam and Kerrp, 2008: p.106)

21. Scanning helps • You use this technique when you are really in a hurry to find specific information from a text, or when using a dictionary, reading through an index or content list, or browsing through TV schedules. (Hoffmann, Farrell, Lilford, Ellis and Cant, 2007: p.393)

22. Steps for scanning • Look for key words, or words that are repeated. • Look for definitions. • Look for highlighted words, eg words in bold or italic. • Look for numbers, eg dates and statistics. • Look for examples, including diagrams. (https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/1_studyskills/study_tuts/reading_LL/scan.html)

23. Cont. Steps for Scanning • Keep in mind all times what it is you are searching for. If you hold the image of the word or idea clearly in mind, it is likely to appear more clearly than the surrounding words. • Anticipate in what form the information is likely to appear—numbers, proper nouns, etc. • Analyze the organization of the content before starting to scan. • a) If material is familiar or fairly brief you may be able to scan the entire article in a single search. • b) If the material is lengthy or difficult, a preliminary skimming may be necessary to determine which part of the article to scan. (www.aacc.edu/tutoring/file/skimming.pdf)

24. Cont… Steps for scanning • Let your eyes run rapidly over several lines of print at a time. • When you find the sentence that has the information you seek, read the entire sentence. • In scanning, you must be willing to skip over large sections of text without reading or understanding them. • Scanning can be done at 1500 or more words per minute. (www.aacc.edu/tutoring/file/skimming.pdf)

25. Practice • Scan the article carefully and answer the questions given at the end. • Time 30 seconds • http://www.powershow.com/view/332a0

27. Answers • 1) c • 2) b • 3) a • 4) c

28. Advantages of Scanning • Scanning allows the reader to efficiently gather information, which may be scattered throughout a long piece of writing. • It encourages the reader to research in a purposeful way and avoid distractions. • According to Anne Arundel Community College's Reading and Study Skills Lab, scanning can be done at approximately 1,500 words a minute, or even more (http://www.ehow.com/about_6533094_reading-skills_-scanning-vs_-skimming.html)

29. Disadvantages of Scanning • Scanning can be monotonous and the technique is not suited for long periods of study, as it is easy to lose concentration. Although scanning is a good way to quickly gather facts, it is not always thorough and a key fact may be overlooked. The context in which a fact appears may affect its meaning. Without reading the surrounding text, it is easy to misinterpret a fact's true significance. . (http://www.ehow.com/about_6533094_reading-skills_-scanning-vs_-skimming.html)

30. Activity • First read the following questions and then use the TV Schedule to find the answers. • 1- You are thinking about traveling to the USA for a vacation. Which show should you watch? • 2- Your friend doesn't have a TV, but would like to watch a film starring Tom Cruise. Which film should you record on your video? • 3- Which sport can you watch that takes place outside? • 4- You like modern art. Which documentary should you watch? • 5 - Is there a horror film on this evening? (http://readingstrategies.wikidot.com/scanning)

31. CBC • 6.00 p.m.: National News - join Jack Parsons for your daily news roundup. • 6.30: The Tiddles- Peter joins Mary for a wild adventure in the park. • 7.00: Golf Review- Watch highlights from today's final round of the Grand Master's. • 8.30: Shock from the Past- This entertaining film by Arthur Schmidt takes a poke at the wild side of gambling. • 10.30: Nightly News- A review of the day's most important events. • 11.00: MOMA: Art for Everyone- A fascinating documentary that helps you enjoy the difference between pointilism and video installations. • 12:00: Hard Day's Night- Reflections after a long, hard day. (http://readingstrategies.wikidot.com/scanning)

32. FNB • 6.00 p.m.: In-Depth News - In-depth coverage of the most important national and international news stories. • 7.00: Nature Revealed- Interesting documentary taking a look at the microscopic universe in your average speck of dust. • 7.30: Ping - Pong Masters- Live coverage from Peking. • 9.30: It's Your Money- That's right and this favorite game show could make or break you depending on how you place your bets. • 10.30: Green Park- Stephen King's latest monster madness. • 0.30: Late Night News- Get the news you need to get a hard start on the upcoming day. (http://readingstrategies.wikidot.com/scanning)

33. ABN • 6.00 p.m.: Travel Abroad - This week we travel to sunny California! • 6.30: The Flintstones- Fred and Barney are at it again. • 7.00: Pretty Boy- Tom Cruise, the prettiest boy of them all, in an action packed thriller about Internet espionage. • 9.00: Tracking the Beast- The little understood wildebeest filmed in its natural surroundings with commentary by Dick Signit. • 10.00: Pump Those Weights- A guide to successfully using weights to develop your physique while getting fit. • 11.30: The Three Idiots- A fun farce based on those three tenors who don't know when to call it quits. • 1.00: National Anthem- Close the day with this salute to our country. (http://readingstrategies.wikidot.com/scanning)

34. Answers • 1) Travel Abroad • 2) Pretty Boy • 3) Golf Review • 4) MOMA: Art for Everyone • 5) Green Park

35. Activity 2 • Quickly find out the meanings of the words Abscission, Absorbed, Abstruse and Abysmal on the given dictionary pages on this and the next slide. • Time: 30 seconds

36. (English To English and Urdu Dictionary, n.d: p.5,6)

37. Activity: Read the following school prospectus and answer the questions given at the end. Time:1 minute

38. Cont…

39. (www.skillsactive.org.nz/assets/.../sheet1-active_reading.pdf)(www.skillsactive.org.nz/assets/.../sheet1-active_reading.pdf)

40. 1) School Office 2) 2010/2011 3)The Board of Governors 4)False 5)yes 6)Blue and grey Answers

41. References • Active reading tips Learn to skim and scan. Retrieved December 13, 2012 from (www.skillsactive.org.nz/assets/.../sheet1-active_reading.pdf) •  Cripe, J., & Vetter, A. (2011).Reading Comprehension Activities Grade 5-6.USA:Teacher created Resources • English To English and Urdu Dictionary. Lahore: Ferozsons (Pvt.) LTD. Retrieved December 13, 2012 from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id= • Glendinning, E.H., & Holmström, B. (2004). Study Reading: A Course in Reading Skills for Academic Purposes (2nd ed.).Cambrdige: Cambridge University Press. • Grellet, F. (2006).Developing Reading Skills: A Practical Guide to Reading Comprehension Exercises. Cambridge: Cambridge University press. • Hoffmann, E.C., Farrell, D., Lilford, N., Ellis, M., & Cant, M. (2007). Operations & Management Principles for Contact Centres. Cape Town: Juta and Co. Ltd •  Konar, N. (2009).Communication Skills For Professionals. New Delhi: PHI Learning private limited.. • Littlejohn, A., & Hicks, D. (1998). Cambridge English for Schools book. UK: Cambridge University Press.

42.  MacLeod, M. (n.d.) Types of Reading. Retrieved December 13, 2012 from http://fis.ucalgary.ca/Brian/611/readingtype.html#scanning • Nation, I. S. P. (2009). Teaching ESL/EFL Reading and Writing. NY: Routledge. • Pilbeam, E., & Kerr, Sandy. (2008). FCS English First Additional Language L3. Cape Town: Pearson Education South Africa. • Reading - Identifying Skill Requirement. (n.d.) Retrieved December 13, 2012 from (www.wtuc.edu.tw/dcc/pdf/identify%20Reading%20skills.pdf) •  Reading & Writing Skills & Tips. (2006). Retrieved December 13, 2012 from (http://alothman-b.tripod.com/readingandwriting_skills.htm) •  Reading Skills. (n.d.) Retrieved December 13, 2012 from (https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/1_studyskills/study_tuts/reading_LL/scan.html) •  Reading Skills: Scanning Vs. Skimming. (2012). Retrieved December 13, 2012 from (http://www.ehow.com/about_6533094_reading-skills_-scanning-vs_-skimming.html)

43. Skimming and Scanning to preview text. (2005). Retrieved December 13, 2012 from (chatt.hdsb.ca/gaps/Processingpdfs/SkimScan.pdf) •  Skimming and Scanning. (2008). Retrieved December 13, 2012 from http://www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/readingstrategies/skimming_scanning.html) •  Skimming and scanning. Retrieved December 13, 2012 from (http://42explore.com/skim.htm •  Skimming and Scanning.Retrieved December 13, 2012 from www.aacc.edu/tutoring/file/skimming.pdf) • Scanning. Retrieved December 13, 2012 from (http://readingstrategies.wikidot.com/scanning •  Scanning a text. (2005). Retrieved December 13, 2012 from https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/1_studyskills/study_tuts/reading_LL/scan.html) •  Scan for specific information. Retrieved December 13, 2012 from (http://www.ababasoft.com/wider_eye_span/scan.htm) • Skim and Scan. (2012).Retrieved December 13, 2012 from (http://www.powershow.com/view/332a0 ZDc5Y/Skim_and_Scan_powerpoint_ppt_presentation) • Teaching of reading. Retrieved December 13, 2012 from (http://nsambatcoumar.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/teaching-reading-in-english.pdf

44. Review of Today’s Lesson • What is scanning? • Definitions of scanning • Scanning in daily life- Where do we use scanning? • Difference in skimming and scanning • How to scan? Or Steps of scanning • Advantages and disadvantages of scanning • Activities to practice scanning

45. To sum up: Why do we scan? Scanning allows you to locate quickly a single fact, date, name, or word in a text without trying to read or understand the rest of the piece. (chatt.hdsb.ca/gaps/Processingpdfs/SkimScan.pdf)

46. Thank you very much!