The Renaissance Jonathan Davies (Powerpoint and handout are on the website)

1. The RenaissanceJonathan Davies(Powerpoint and handout are on the website)

2. Questions • What was the Renaissance? • What was humanism? • How did the Renaissance develop and spread? • What were the legacies of the Renaissance?

3. Cicero

4. Petrarch

5. Cimabue, Madonna di S. Trinità Giotto, Madonna di Ognissanti

6. Once they have seen how art... had fallen into complete ruin from such a noble height ... they will now be able to recognise more easily the progress of art’s rebirth (rinascita) and the state of perfection to which it has again ascended in our own times... Giorgio Vasari, Preface, The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors and Architects (1550)

7. ‘[The Renaissance is] the most intractable problem child of historiography.’ Wallace K. Ferguson, The Renaissance (New York, 1940), p. 2.

8. Jules Michelet Jacob Burckhardt

9. Ernst Gombrich Georg Hegel

10. …the Renaissance was not so much an “Age” as it was a movement. A “movement” is something that is proclaimed. It attracts fanatics, on the one hand, who can’t tolerate anything that doesn’t belong to it and hangers-on who come and go; there is a spectrum of intensity in any movement just as there are usually various factions or “wings.” There are also opponents and plenty of neutral outsiders who have other worries. I think we can most effortlessly describe the Renaissance as a movement of this kind. E. H. Gombrich, ‘The Renaissance - Period or Movement?’, in A.G. Dickens et al., Background to the English Renaissance. Introductory Lectures (London, 1974), pp.9-30

11. Rather than a period with definitive beginnings and endings and consistent content in between, the Renaissance can be (and occasionally has been) seen as a movement of practices and ideas to which specific groups and identifiable persons variously responded in different times and places. It would be in this sense a network of diverse, sometimes converging, sometimes conflicting cultures, not a single, time-bound culture. Randolph Starn, ‘Renaissance Redux’, The American Historical Review 103 (1998), 122-124

12. The studia humanitatis Grammar Rhetoric Poetry History Moral philosophy

13. Manual Chrysoloras

14. Leonardo Bruni

15. Angelo Polizianoand Marsilio Ficino

16. Niccolo’ MachiavelliFrancesco GuicciardiniColuccio SalutatiMarsilio FicinoGasparino BarzizzaGuarino Guarini da VeronaVittorino da Feltre

17. Filippo Brunelleschi,The Dome of Florence Cathedral

18. Luciano LauranaThe Ideal City

19. Donatello David

20. Paolo UccelloThe Flood and Waters Subsiding

21. PinturicchioEnea Silvio Piccolomini and Emperor Frederick III

22. Matthias Corvinus

23. Rosso Fiorentino, Gallery of Francis I, Fontainebleau

24. Benvenuto Cellini, Nymph of Fontainebleau

25. Rodolphus AgricolaJohann ReuchlinWillibald PirckheimerWilliam GrocynThomas LinacreJohn Colet

26. Hans HolbeinErasmus

27. Albrecht DürerSelf-portrait

28. Antonello da MessinaCrucifixion

29. Hugo van der GoesPortinari Triptych

30. GiambolognaRape of the Sabines

31. ‘Of the many tributaries which contributed to the flow of the Reformation, by far the most important was Renaissance humanism.’ Alister E. McGrath, Reformation Thought: An Introduction, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1993), p. 40

32. Sandro Botticelli, The Birth of Venus