SHAPING A NEW NATION

1. SHAPING A NEW NATION

2. 9.Feudalism is important to the development of constitutional government because it Introduced the idea of government based on contract

3. 10.The Magna Carta includes the important constitutional principle that established Government based on rule of law

4. 12.In colonial America the right to vote most often depended on a person’s gender and Property ownership

5. July 1776 - Continental Congress issues the Declaration of Independence • State Governments formed • August 1776 – debate over new government resulting in the Articles of Confederation (not ratified until 1781) • 1777 - A of C submitted to the states for ratification

6. The Second Continental Congress of Revolutionary days was little more than a conference of ambassadors with very limited power.

7. 13.The Declaration of Independence • stated the colonists’ grievances against British rule • Defied the political authority of Britain over the colonies

8. Most of the first state constitutions provided for supremacy of the Legislative branch

9. REPUBLIC : • a government in which citizens govern themselves through elected representatives • idea that governments should be based on the consent of the people

10. The Constitutional principle of popular sovereignty gives power tothe people.

11. 1. According to the natural rights philosophy , the main purpose of government is to : Protect individual rights

12. 2.To say that the rights to life, liberty and property are unalienable means that they : Cannot be given up or taken away.

13. 4. According to the principle of private domain,government May not interfere in certain aspects of citizen’s lives

14. 3. Constitutional government • Tries to limit governmental power but does not always succeed • Can exist in dictatorial governments • May be unwritten

15. Americans Debate Republicanism • John Dickinson • Civic Virtue • Is best described as putting the common good above your own individual interests • The ultimate guarantor of liberty and justice was the virtue of the people

16. Responsibilities of citizens in a democratic form of government include Voting, serving on a jury, obeying laws, and serving the community

17. 56. In a constitutional democracy , citizens are expected to Think critically about public issues and participate in public affairs

18. 7. In comparison with the Greek and Roman ideals of civic virtue, Judeo-Christian tradition Stresses the dignity and worth of each individual

19. Americans Debate Republicanism • Adam Smith • Self Interest

20. 8.One result of the rise of capitalism was that People paid greater attention to their private interests

21. 55.Because many Americans believe that their own opportunity to succeed is related to the well- being of society, they Act for the common good our of enlightened self interest

22. The Continental Congress DebatesTHREE MAIN QUESTIONS • Supreme Power : Can it be divided ? • Representation by population or state ? • Western Lands: Who gets them ?

23. Supreme Power: Can it be divided ? • The debate between the supporters and critics of the Articles of Confederation centered how to reconcile states rights with strong national government • Federalism • Federation • Confederation

24. 20. According to the supremacy clause of the Constitution,”supreme law of the land” refers to The Constitution, federal laws, and treaties

25. 32. In our federal system , the scope of the national government's authority grew significantly due to the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the “necessary and proper” clause

26. Representation by population or state ? • Decided should be determined by equal representation of each state

27. Western Lands: Who gets them ? • The major issue that delayed ratification of the Articles of Confederation concerned western lands.

28. The Articles of Confederation were finally approved when all states claiming western lands surrendered them to the national government .

29. The Land Ordinance of 1785 provided for all of the following: • money from land sales should be used to pay off the national debt • the land should be surveyed before its sale • the territory should be divided into townships six miles square • the sixteenth section should be sold to support education

30. The Land Ordinance of 1785 did NOT prohibit slavery .

31. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 • established a procedure for governing the Old North west territory. • was important because it set a pattern for the orderly growth of the United States.

32. The most farsighted provision of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was that it prohibited slavery in the Old North west.

33. 17.A major weakness of the Articles of Confederation was a weak central government and its lack of authority to regulate interstate trade.

34. The economic status of the average American at the end of the Revolutionary War was probably worse than before the war.

35. Shay's Rebellion was provoked by foreclosures on the mortgages of backcountry farmers.

36. Under the Articles of Confederation, the relationship between the thirteen states convinced many that a stronger central government was needed.

37. The Constitutional (Philadelphia) Convention was called to revise / amend the Articles of Confederation in 1787.

38. PRESENT AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION: Benjamin Franklin George Washington Alexander Hamilton James Madison NOT PRESENT AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION: Thomas Jefferson John Adams John Hancock Benedict Arnold Revolutionary Leaders

39. Motives of the delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia: • To preserve the union • To forestall anarchy • To ensure the security of life and property • To curb unrestrained democracy

40. 16.Some Founders believed that majority rule could be a threat to Natural rights. Why ?

41. Most of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention could best be labeled nationalists.

42. The framer considered to be the “Father of the Constitution” was James Madison

43. VIRGINIA PLAN • Proposed by James Madison • Bicameral legislature • Two Houses • Executive chosen by the legislature • Judiciary also named by the legislature

44. Key Conflicts in the Constitutional Convention • Strong Central Governments VS. Strong States • Federalism • Large States VS. Small States • Representation • North VS. South • Slavery

45. The "large-state plan" put forward in the Constitutional Convention based representation in the House and Senate on population.

46. 19.In the debate over representation in Congress, the larger states generally favored Proportional representation

47. THE GREAT COMPROMISE • Roger Sherman • Worked out an acceptable scheme for apportioning congressional representation • Created the legislative branch as bicameral • Equal Representation in Senate • Proportional Representation in House

48. The one branch of the government elected directly by the people is the House of Representatives

49. The idea that all tax measures should start in the House was made to appease the big states with the most people .

50. Slave issue related compromises • Congress prohibited from taking any action to control slavery for a period of 20 years (until 1808) • "three fifths" compromise • slaves count as 3/5 of person for representation and taxation