Shaping a New Nation

1. Shaping a New Nation Chapter Five

2. Section One: Experiment with Confederation Colonists …. • Fear strong central government • Believe democracy gives too much power to uneducated • Prefer republican form of government-citizensrule through representatives

4. State Constitutions • Limit power of the government • Guarantee specific rights • Stress liberty not equality

5. Important issues…….. • Representation – by state or population? • Supreme Power – can it be divided? • Western Lands – who gets them?

6. Representation • Congress believed that it spoke for every state - each state gets one vote

7. Articles of Confederation • Articles of Confederation – 1st plan of government • Confederation – loose union of states – power remains shared b/t state and central gov’t (alliance) • National government handles war, treaties, weights and measures, mail • No executive branch or court system

8. Western Lands • Land Ordinance of 1785 creates plan for surveying western lands • Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – plan for statehood out of territories land_ceded.pdf landord_1785.pdf

10. Weaknesses with the Articles of Confederation… Problems: • Cannot unify states • Large debt from the war weaknessconfed.pdf

11. Section Two: Drafting the Constitution • Articles of Confederation are too weak to hold the states together No executive Cannot levy or collect taxes No court system to settle disputes between states All states must agree to amend No power to regulate trade One vote per state regardless of population

12. United States of America Articles of Confederation

13. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Courts (Judicial Branch) • The nation lacked a national court system. Supreme Court

14. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? President (Executive Branch) • The nation did not have a President, or Chief Executive. White House

15. Shays’s Rebellion (p.140) Q. What was Shays’s problem? • Heavy debt that he blamed on high taxes and he was about to lose his farm. • What did he try to do about it? • Led an army to close the courts and to try to capture the arsenal to begin a revolt. • What was the result? A. It failed, however, it did call attention to the fact that the government (central) was too weak and needed to be changed. A mob of discontents seizing a courthouse during Shays’s Rebellion, an uprising in western Massachusetts.

16. Call for a Convention Focus • Draw a large circle 2. Read about the convention and highlights on page 141 Constitutional convention 3. Record facts in your focus circle

18. Founding Fathers??

19. Delegates to the Constitutional Convention gathering before the Pennsylvania State House (now, Independence Hall) in Philadelphia in 1787.

21. Key Conflicts in the Constitutional Convention Strong Central Gov’t vs. Strong states Central government should have more power than the states The states should remain stronger than the central gov’t

22. Key Conflicts in the Constitutional Convention Congress – two houses based on population Big states vs. Small states Congress – one house based on equal representation

23. Virginia Plan Proposed …. • Bicameral legislature (2 house Congress) • Membership based on population …….favored large states

24. New Jersey Plan Proposed……. • Unicameral legislature……(one house) • Based on equal representation (each state gets one vote regardless of population) …….favored small states

25. The GREAT Compromise • Also known as the Connecticut Compromise….determines a state’s representation in Congress • Proposed a two house legislature - House of Representatives – based on population - Senate – based on equal representation

26. Key Conflicts in the Constitutional Convention • Slaves should not be counted for representation • Slaves should be counted for taxation North vs. South • Slaves should be counted for representation • Slaves should not be counted for taxation dist_slaves.pdf

27. Issue of Slavery The issue of abolition was avoided for fear that Southern states would walk out and the government would collapse? Should slaves be counted for…..taxation? …..representation?

28. Three-Fifths Compromise • Proposed that 3/5 of each state’s slave population be counted for representation and taxation. • Southern states still worried that Congress would find a way to end slavery

29. Constitution and Compromise Respond to this statement…… “The Constitution is a result of compromises.”

31. Division of Powers Federalism….divides powers between the national government and state governments. State Federal Shared

32. Separation of Powers Separated powers into three branches of government…Checks and Balances: no one branch becomes too powerful… Checks and Balances Flow Chart from George Cassutto's Cyberlearning World Executive Branch – Enforces the laws Legislative Branch – Makes the laws Judicial Branch – Interprets the laws

33. Electing the President….. • What were the two main concerns about electing a President? P.144 Answer: The vote would be divided among regional candidates and the common people would vote the upper class out of power.

34. Section 3: Ratifying the Constitution • Required at least nine states to ratify…. • Federalists – supported the new Constitution • Anti-Federalists – opposed the Constitution

35. The Arguments….. Contrast the arguments of the two groups…p.146 Antifederalists Federalists

36. The Federalist Papers • The Federalist was a series of 85 essays defending the Constitution and appeared in New York newspapers b/t 1787-1788

37. The Bill of Rights • The Constitution did not protect individual rights…. • The Federalists promise the Anti-federalists a Bill of Rights will be added to the Constitution, guaranteeing individual rights

38. The Bill of Rights • Create a graphic organizer that illustrates the Bill of Rights…… • P.149, P. 166